基于运动信息的视频图像空间目标检测

针对卫星拍摄的以深空为背景的视频图像中空间运动目标的检测问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于运动信息的目标检测算法。首先,通过均值滤波对图像进行降噪处理；然后,采用基于局部统计的可变阈值来分割单帧图像,使用灰度重心法计算像点坐标。当卫星凝视目标区域时,恒星可以认为是静止的,而目标依旧在运动,基于此,可检测出空间运动目标。基于某型卫星在轨拍摄的视频图像验证了算法的有效性。     

高动态条件下星点像斑建模与补偿

高动态条件下星点提取有两个难点：一是暗弱星点目标湮没在噪声中不易识别,质心定位精度较差;二是星点像斑可能断裂,无法用常用的连通域算法提取。针对上述难点,本文建立了高动态条件下星点像斑模型,提出了基于该模型的像斑补偿与质心定位提取算法。该方法分为四步：第一,利用卡尔曼滤波实现星点像斑静态模板的实时迭代;第二,基于静态模型与星点运动模糊模型建立星点像斑动态模型;第三,以动态模型作为模板在恒星跟踪窗口内进行相关性匹配以确定星点像斑位置;第四,基于动态模型补偿星点像斑,并计算质心位置。实验结果表明,该方法能有效解决高动态条件下暗弱星点提取与断裂残损星点修复问题。相比传统算法,姿态精度误差均值减少了40.9%,最大误差减少了81.2%;星点提取率达到100%,提高174.5%,提取星数相比阈值分割与连通域法提高了173%。     

轴对称推力矢量控制伺服机构空间运动解耦研究

针对由发动机摆动喷管矢量控制的两个伺服机构间的牵连效应导致的伺服机构运动耦合问题,提出了一种新型空间解耦计算方法。该方法利用欧拉角描述喷管姿态,通过空间齐次坐标变换矩阵原理对两路喷管伺服机构进行解耦计算,得到了两路伺服机构的伸长量解析解,确保了控制指令的精确,并通过ADAMS虚拟样机仿真验证了该计算方法的正确性。仿真实验结果表明,此计算方法与虚拟样机的仿真结果完全吻合,计算精度高,可以对喷管任意姿态进行运动精确控制。     

A review of bird-like flapping wing with high aspect ratio

Bird-like flapping-wing vehicles with a high aspect ratio have the potential to fulfill missions given to micro air vehicles, such as high-altitude reconnaissance, surveillance, rescue, and bird group guidance, due to their good loading and long endurance capacities. Biologists and aeronautical researchers have explored the mystery of avian flight and made efforts to reproduce flapping flight in bioinspired aircraft for decades. However, the cognitive depth from theory to practice is still very limited. The mechanism of generating sufficient lift and thrust during avian flight is still not fully understood. Moving wings with unique biological structures such as feathers make modeling, simulation, experimentation, and analysis much more difficult. This paper reviews the research progress on bird-like flapping wings from flight mechanisms to modeling. Commonly used numerical computing methods are briefly compared. The aeroelastic problems are also highlighted. The results of the investigation show that a leading-edge vortex can be found during avian flight. Its induction and maintenance may have a close relationship with wing configuration, kinematics and deformation. The present models of flapping wings are mainly two-dimensional airfoils or three-dimensional single root-jointed geometric plates, which still exhibit large differences from real bird wings. Aeroelasticity is encouraged to consider the nonignorable effect on aerodynamic performance due to large-scale nonlinear deformation. Introducing appropriate flexibility can improve the peak values and efficiencies of lift and thrust, but the detailed conclusions always have strong background dependence.     

Investigation of anode shaping process during co-rotating electrochemical machining of convex structure on inner surface

A novel co-rotating electrochemical machining method is proposed for fabricating convex structures on the inner surface of a revolving part. The electrodes motion and material removal method of co-rotating electrochemical machining are different from traditional electrochemical machining. An equivalent kinematic model is established to analyze the novel electrodes motion,since the anode and cathode rotate in the same direction while the cathode simultaneously feeds along the line of centres. Acc...     

基于网格测力数据的多体分离轨迹预测方法研究

将基于风洞网格测力试验数据建立的气动力模型与刚体运动方程进行耦合求解得到多体分离轨迹-时间特性，建立了一种多体分离的离线轨迹预测方法。为了提高气动力模型的预测精度，针对移动最小二乘法（MLS）模型提出一种新的权函数形式，针对Kriging气动力数学模型通过加入样点预处理提出了Kriging-Pre数学模型。研究方法应用于来流马赫数6条件下，某并联两级入轨飞行器标模的分离特性研究。研究表明采用改进的两种气动力数学模型均可有效提高分离轨迹预测精度，得到与CFD以及风洞试验定性一致的结论。验证了本文提出的离线轨迹预测方法可以满足当前多体分离特性定性分析需求，具有较高时效性。     

舰艇运动对导弹冷发射出筒的影响

针对舰载导弹垂直冷发射对导弹出筒轨迹和姿态偏差有一定要求的现状,研究舰艇运动对导弹冷发射出筒扰动问题。分析了舰艇运动中可能造成最大扰动的发射时刻。采用对可能最大值点仿真研究的方法,用动力学仿真软件ADAMS针对可能最大扰动时刻进行影响程度的定性研究。结果表明,5级海情对舰载导弹冷发射影响较大;舰艇运动最大过载时刻对导弹轨迹水平和竖直方向位移影响最大;在最大摇摆角时刻发射会导致导弹出现最大姿态偏角。     

A novel visual servo method for space manipulators by planning jerk

A novel trajectory planning method for space manipulators is proposed in this article, which can generate trajectory in Cartesian space with continuous joint jerk. The key idea is that, given the desired position for an individual joint, the corresponding joint trajectory is generated in a way like a controller. The generated jerk acts as the controller’s output driving an ideal third-order system to arrive at the desired position, with no need for discrete points in advance. In real applications, the visual servo task is accomplished hierarchically. Since the desired pose in Cartesian space measured by cameras concerns multi degrees of freedom (DOF), desired positions for individual joints are obtained by inverse-kinematics model. Then, joint trajectories are generated as above. To improve the trajectory’s smoothness, a bridging matrix is implemented to ensure that the desired pose varies continuously. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is effective to track targets with different kinds of motion, i.e. can track the input-bounded signal asymptotically.     

冲击载荷作用下的锥壁失效仿真及试验验证

根据航空发动机支承锥壁结构受力特点,对风扇叶片飞失冲击载荷作用下的锥壁失效破坏机理进行了研究.利用显式动力学有限元仿真方法,对冲击载荷作用下的锥壁结构动态失效过程进行了瞬态分析.开展了对锥壁的落锤冲击试验,并与分析结果进行了对比验证.试验和分析结果表明:冲击载荷作用下锥壁减薄处破坏为剪切失效破坏.采用的显式动力学有限元...