混凝土桥梁预应力施工技术研究

QI Tong-xiao(China Railway 18 Bureau Group Fourth Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300350)     

Integrity of sulfur concrete subjected to simulated lunar temperature cycles

In view of potential application as a construction material on the lunar surface the mechanical integrity of sulfur concrete was evaluated after being subjected to simulated temperature cycles. Here, small cubes of sulfur concrete were repeatedly cycled between room (20 °C) and liquid nitrogen (−191 °C) temperatures after which they, and non-cycled cubes, were evaluated by compression testing. The compression strength of the non-cycled samples averaged ∼35 MPa (5076 psi) before failing whereas the cycled samples fractured at about 7 MPa (1015 psi). Microscopic examination of the fracture surfaces from the cycled samples showed clear de-bonding of the sulfur from the aggregate whereas it was seen adhering in those non-cycled. Based on a simple analysis it was concluded that the large strength discrepancy between cycled and non-cycled samples is due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials constituting the concrete.     

机场道面聚丙烯腈纤维混凝土性能分析

对素混凝土和聚丙烯腈纤维混凝土的抗疲劳性能、弯曲韧性和抗冲击性能进行了试验研究,并分析了聚丙烯腈纤维对机场道面分类值PCV的改善效果。结果表明,掺入聚丙烯腈纤维后,混凝土各项性能指标显著提高,道面PCV值增加8.4％,大大提高了机场道面的承载能力。     

外加剂对聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土的早期抗裂性影响

采用平板限制收缩试验法,研究了减水剂与膨胀剂及其复合技术对聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土的早期抗裂性的影响.结果表明,聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土的早期抗裂性大小顺序为:UEA-N混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞AEA混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞AEA混凝土膨胀剂与萘系减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞纤维增强高性能混凝土.因此,采用UEA-N混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂的复合外加剂技术和聚丙烯纤维增强技术是防止高性能混凝土发生塑性收缩开裂的比较理想的技术措施.     

混凝土靶侵彻计算的半经验法

在球形空腔膨胀理论基础上,通过不同强度混凝土材料的侵彻实验数据直接识别建立混凝土材料综合动态强度参数psd与混凝土材料无侧限压缩强度σ-b的经验关系式;从应力波表层损伤理论分析了混凝土表层“开坑区”的侵彻特性,提出“简化等效阻力线”的计算方法;指出球形空腔膨胀理论的阻力算式中取动阻力项系数B=1.5的合理性。理论分析和侵彻实验表明:本文方法适用于小弹侵彻混凝土靶、大弹侵彻混凝土靶和以混凝土材料为面层的部分多层复合靶的侵彻计算,克服了Forrestal半经验法的不足。     

纤维增强塑料/钢筋混凝土复合构件的强度分析

基于平截面假设和ERP／RC复合截面各组份材料的强度理论，推导并给出FRP包覆RC截面的抗压，抗拉，抗弯，抗剪强度计算公式，为实验研究与工程实用提供了理论依据。     

混凝土小型空心砌块建筑防裂抗渗措施

本文针对混凝土小型空心砌块建筑极易产生的开裂渗漏问题,提出了可操作的防裂抗渗技术措施,包括建筑结构的模数协调与排块设计,芯柱、水平构件以及加强节点设计,控制缝设计,墙体抗渗措施以及设备与电气的相关设计等.     

除冰液对道面混凝土的影响及保护剂防护效果

通过冻融和化学侵蚀试验，研究了NW-056A机场道面除冰液对道面水混混凝土耐久性的影响以及在道面除冰液环境下两种新型混凝土保护剂的防护效果。结果表明：①混凝土在道面除冰液中冻融后表面无明显剥落现象，相对动弹模损失率比在水中小很多，道面除冰液延缓了混凝土的冻融破坏：②混凝土在道面除冰液常温浸泡下表面无剥蚀现象，但强度比在水中降低很多，因此存在化学腐蚀．且主要表现为对混凝土内部结构的缓慢损伤；（④两种新型混凝土保护剂均对预防混凝土的冻融破坏以及除冰液环境下的腐蚀破坏起到一定作用，涂刷混凝土保护剂是提高混凝土道面耐久性的有效方法。     

Sulfur “concrete” for lunar applications – Sublimation concerns

Melting sulfur and mixing it with an aggregate to form “concrete” is commercially well established and constitutes a material that is particularly well-suited for use in corrosive environments. Discovery of the mineral troilite (FeS) on the moon poses the question of extracting the sulfur for use as a lunar construction material. This would be an attractive alternative to conventional concrete as it does not require water. However, the viability of sulfur concrete in a lunar environment, which is characterized by lack of an atmosphere and extreme temperatures, is not well understood. Here it is assumed that the lunar ore can be mined, refined, and the raw sulfur melded with appropriate lunar regolith to form, for example, bricks. This study evaluates pure sulfur and two sets of small sulfur concrete samples that have been prepared using JSC-1 lunar stimulant and SiO₂ powder as aggregate additions. Each set was subjected to extended periods in a vacuum environment to evaluate sublimation issues. Results from these experiments are presented and discussed within the context of the lunar environment.     

机场跑道改性沥青混凝土抗冲击性能

为研究中高应变率下NRP和掺高粘剂的SBS两种改性剂对AC-13型沥青混凝土动力性能的影响,采用直径74 mm SHPB装置进行了4个气压下的冲击压缩试验,获得了不同种类改性沥青混凝土的破坏形态及应力-应变曲线。研究表明：沥青混凝土动态应力-应变曲线分为弹性变形、塑性强化和塑性破坏3个阶段,破坏形态分为裂缝、破损、块裂和碎裂4种;两种改性剂均能改善沥青混凝土的抗冲击性能,并且对峰值应力和冲击韧性的应变率敏感性有一定影响,在不同应变率范围内两种改性剂对冲击韧性增强作用不同,NRP对峰值应力增强作用优于掺高粘剂的SBS;应变率超过130/s时,沥青混凝土出现弹性模量退化现象,NRP对弹性模量有提高作用。