The Changing Face of Titan’s Haze: Is it all Dynamics?

Titan’ atmosphere shows some similarities with that of the Earth, in terms of composition and surface pressure. Also, its seasonal cycle is similar, as Titan’ obliquity is about 27^°(23^°,5 for the Earth), although it is about 30 times as long. Titan’ haze exhibits an albedo contrast (NSA for North-South Asymmetry) that is changing seasonally. From the analysis of Voyager and Hubble Space Telescope data, we learned that at short visible wavelengths, the albedo of the winter hemisphere is lower by 10-20% than that of the summer hemisphere. This asymmetry peaks at 450 nm and reaches maximum amplitude around Titan’ equinoxes. It reverses in about five years, faster than a season which spans seven years. At longer wavelengths, longward of 700 nm, the asymmetry is inverted. The NSA reversal process in the red and in the UV seems to lead the reversal in the blue by 1 or 2 years. No valid explanation exists for this lag, at least in the red. The results from a recent model which couples atmospheric dynamics, haze microphysics and transport, as well as photochemistry, show that the NSA and its seasonal changes can be explained by an accumulation of haze particles at the winter pole. This is due to the pole-to-pole Hadley circulation pattern that is present during most of Titan’ year and rapidly disrupts at the time of the equinoxes. This model can also explain the observed cooler stratospheric temperatures and higher abundances of heavy hydrocarbons and nitriles in the winter polar region. In addition, it provides a mechanism for the formation of a detached haze layer around 300–400 km altitude, as well as the existence of a polar hood. Thus, it appears that the latitudinal contrasts we observe on Titan are conveniently tracing for us the dynamical behavior of its atmosphere.     

双向进气结构脉管制冷机直流形成机理

在脉管制冷机中,由双向进气结构诱发的直流流动,不仅会增加冷端换热器的负载,降低制冷机性能,而且还是引起制冷温度不稳定的重要原因。如何有效地抑制直流流动已成为脉管制冷机能否大规模应用的关键。而对直流形成机理进行全面、深入的研究是发展简单、有效直流抑制手段的前提。针对该研究热点,本文开展了双向进气结构脉管制冷机直流形成机理研究,基于流体网络理论,考察工质物性对直流的影响和作用机理,进一步揭示了直流的形成本质。     

JJ—7飞机对大气紊流的横航向响应及乘座品质计算

本文对JJ-7飞机的横航向晴空大气紊流响应及乘座品质进行了计算.计算结果表明,JJ-7飞机的横航向大气紊流响应值不大,乘座品质基本上满足要求,可以为飞行员接受.     

混合动力学中一种综合控制指标

本文从环境流体力学角度，结合混合动力学机理，导出了一种新混合综合控制指标。     

二维跨音速流动计算的显式多步有限面积方法

本文按Jameson等的思路,采用新的人工粘性项系数,建立显式多步有限面积方法,给出绕NACA0012翼型和RAE2822翼型跨音速流动的计算结果。     

低速溅射小行星表面采样的动力学仿真

开发了适用于小行星环境的大规模三维离散元程序DEMBody,针对低速射弹溅射表层风化层的小行星采样方案,仿真了相同质量不同形状的射弹在微重力环境下垂直射入颗粒床的过程,研究了溅射物质在采样器中的运动历程及最终收集质量与射弹形状的关系。结果表明,90°锥形射弹的采样效率最高。     

复杂动力学模型下星载天线跟瞄控制技术研究

针对星载天线动力学复杂这一问题,从天线系统刚柔耦合动力学建模、指向跟踪控制以及振动抑制等方面研究了柔性星载运动部件的指向控制方法。首先,通过描述系统几何拓扑关系建立系统运动学方程,从而简化动力学建模过程;之后,利用假设模态法,对天线反射面挠性进行建模;最后,将拉格朗日方程与挠性关节模型相结合,从而建立了星载天线非线性刚柔耦合动力学模型。在以上复杂动力学建模的基础上,采用分层设计的思路进行了控制策略设计：先运用基于计算力矩法的滑模控制器得到不考虑挠性关节的耦合控制律,从而保证卫星基体的稳定性以及天线挠性反射面的振动抑制;再使用反步法对挠性关节进行控制,实现对天线反射面的指向精度控制。最后,讨论了动力学参数不确定性对系统跟踪指向控制的影响并采用数学仿真的方式验证了相关动力学模型与控制算法。仿真结果表明该方法能较好地实现对星载天线的指向跟踪控制以及振动抑制,提高星载天线的动态指向精度。     

Heading control strategy assessment for coaxial compound helicopters

The coaxial compound helicopter has two possible strategies for heading control: collective differential and rudder deflection. A flight dynamics model is developed to assess the effect of different heading control strategies. This includes the trim characteristics, steady flight performance,controllability, and manoeuvrability. The trim study demonstrates that heading control strategies are less influential on trim results, and the steady flight performance is also not significantly affected by the heading control strategy adopted. The controllability analysis shows although heading bandwidth and phase delay results at various speeds with different heading control strategies are all satisfied, the control derivative of the collective differential decreases as speed increases, and its heading aggressive agility is degraded into Level 3 in high-speed flight. In addition, using collective differential would lead to severe heading-rolling coupling as forward speed increases. On the contrary, the control derivative and aggressive agility of the rudder deflection is improved with forward speed, and there is no evidence of heading-rolling coupling. Finally, the transient turn MissionTask-Element(MTE) is utilized to investigate the heading manoeuvre characteristics in different heading control strategies, which indicates that the collective differential would add the amplitude of control input and the power consumption during this MTE.     

Analysis of the dynamic behavior of structures using the high-rate GNSS-PPP method combined with a wavelet-neural model: Numerical simulation and experimental tests

Recently, the high rate global navigation satellite system-precise point positioning (GNSS-PPP) technique has been used to detect the dynamic behavior of structures. This study aimed to increase the accuracy of the extraction oscillation properties of structural movements based on the high-rate (10?Hz) GNSS-PPP monitoring technique. A developmental model based on the combination of wavelet package transformation (WPT) de-noising and neural network prediction (NN) was proposed to improve the dynamic behavior of structures for GNSS-PPP method. A complicated numerical simulation involving highly noisy data and 13 experimental cases with different loads were utilized to confirm the efficiency of the proposed model design and the monitoring technique in detecting the dynamic behavior of structures. The results revealed that, when combined with the proposed model, GNSS-PPP method can be used to accurately detect the dynamic behavior of engineering structures as an alternative to relative GNSS method.     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.