一种变化检测的新算法

变化检测技术是遥感图像应用中的关键技术之一。在分析变化检测算法的基础上，提出了一种新的变化检测算法，该算法主要由三步组成：差图像的优化获取、变化区域的准确检测、目标阴影的修正。仿真结果表明了本文所提算法对变化目标的检测准确可靠，且对背景有较强的鲁棒性。     

Use of principal component analysis in the identification of the spatial pattern of an ionospheric total electron content anomalies after China’s May 12, 2008, M = 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

This paper uses principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the spatial pattern of total electron content (TEC) anomalies in the ionosphere post the China’s Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May, 2008 (UTC) (M_w = 7.9). PCA and image processing are applied to the global ionospheric map (GIM) with transforms conducted for the time period 08:00–10:00 UT on 12 May 2008. Results show that at a height of approximately 200 km the anomaly is widespread and less intense; however, it becomes more localized with height reaching maximum intensity and localization at an altitude of 300 km. The spatial distribution is remarkably similar to that reported for a TEC anomaly previously identified as a precursor anomaly on May 9, 2008 for the same time period. Potential causes of the results are discussed with emphasis given to vertical acoustic gravity waves based on the spatial pattern identified.     

The IGY and beyond: A brief history of ground-based cosmic-ray detectors

The state of art of ground-based cosmic-ray research from its discovery to present is reviewed. After discovery of cosmic rays by Hess in 1912, the nature of the primary and secondary radiation was established from recordings by a variety of instruments, sensitive to various components of cosmic rays and operated at different latitudes, longitudes and altitudes, including instruments carried by balloons. The IGY formalized international co-operation and coordinated study of cosmic rays, which is vital for meaningful interpretation of cosmic-ray data. Data collected at different geographic locations require an effective cutoff rigidity as a data ordering parameter. This parameter is obtained from tracing trajectories of primary cosmic rays in the Earth’s magnetic field. After 50 years the world’s neutron monitor network remains still the backbone for studying intensity variations of primary cosmic rays in the rigidity ranges between 1 and 15 GV, associated with transport and with transient events. Also the penetrating muon and neutrino components of secondary cosmic rays have a long history of recording and fundamental problem investigations. Valuable data about composition and spectrum of primary cosmic rays in ever increasing high-energy regions have been obtained during the years of investigations with various configurations and types of extensive air shower detectors. The culture of personal involvement of the physicist in carrying out experiments and data acquisition characterized the continued vitality of cosmic-ray investigations ranging from its atmospheric, geomagnetic and heliospheric transport through to its solar and astrophysical origins.     

空气系统对核心机性能敏感性的影响

为了确定空气系统不同位置引气量对核心机性能的影响，给总体性能和空气系统设计提供依据，以某型核心机设计过 程为例，将空气系统设计迭代到总体性能设计中，研究了空气系统对核心机性能和部件特性的影响，并开展了空气系统对核心机 性能的敏感性分析。结果表明：每个引气位置引气量的增加均会导致燃烧室出口温度的升高，其中用于涡轮转子冷却的引气对燃 烧室出口温度的影响最大，其次为第5级压气机引气，再次为用于涡轮导向器冷却的引气，影响最小的为用于涡轮后机匣冷却的 引气。将空气系统设计结果迭代到核心机性能模型中，迭代后的压气机和涡轮工作特性发生了变化，压气机共同工作线受引气量 增加的影响稍微下移，涡轮落压比由于燃烧室出口温度的升高而减小。     

基于FFDiag算法的变步长盲信号分离

基于快速Frobenius联合近似对角化（FFDiag）算法,提出了一种步长根据代价函数值大小变化的更新规则,使对角化的更新幅度随信号分离状态自适应变化。算法步长与信号分离状态相结合,具有收敛速度快和稳态误差小双重优点,仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

员工绩效考核体系中存在的问题分析——以M公司为例

绩效考核是人力资源管理中一个不可或缺的重要环节。作为一种反馈机制，它为企业创造了员工之间沟通和交流的机会。文章通过对M公司绩效考核体系运行现状的研究，运用多种方法来找出该考核体系不足之处，从而为设计出更为有效的绩效考核体系提供了一种思路。     

威布尔型通用件配置方案评估及优化

针对威布尔型通用备件配置方案评估及优化问题,采用部件寿命等效原理,将威布尔型部件消耗过程等效为伽玛冲击过程,建立了威布尔型通用备件的满足率评估模型。结合备件满足率指标约束,给出了威布尔型通用备件的优化配置方法。开展了仿真算法设计,结合算例进行仿真对比分析,结果表明：本文建立的威布尔型通用备件的满足率评估模型具有较高的评估精度,能够对不同寿命分布的威布尔通用备件配置方案进行评估,备件配置优化方法能够在备件满足率指标约束下准确给出威布尔通用件配置方案。提出的模型和优化方法能够为装备保障部门开展威布尔型通用备件配置方案评估与优化提供理论支撑和决策支持。     

飞机铆接构件PRFECT探头的线圈夹角影响

远场涡流检测技术不受集肤效应影响,对金属铆接构件隐藏缺陷检测具有巨大优势。针对飞机金属铆接构件的远场涡流检测,建立了铆接构件隐藏缺陷检测三维模型,分析不同屏蔽阻尼材料及组合方式的屏蔽性能,采用激励线圈与检测线圈均环绕铆钉旋转的检测方法,对比激励线圈-铆钉-检测线圈夹角为90°、135°和180°时缺陷检测灵敏度,研究不同缺陷尺寸检测信号特征。仿真与试验结果表明：当屏蔽阻尼为铝+铜时具有最佳屏蔽性能,且远场区距离激励线圈中心最近;当激励线圈和检测线圈间距为30 mm时,激励线圈-铆钉-检测线圈夹角为180°时检测效果最佳;优化后的探头可检测埋深为6 mm、长×宽×深尺寸为5 mm×0.2 mm×1 mm的铆接构件隐藏缺陷,缺陷信号幅值与其体积当量关系相对应,且随缺陷长度及深度的增加呈上升趋势。     

面向航空铝合金薄壁深腔构件的冲击液压成形工艺优化

为实现冲击液压成形下LY12铝合金薄壁深腔构件的一道次成形,采用响应面法结合冲击液压成形实验进行成形中的工艺参数优化研究。以减薄率和贴模率为响应量,压边力和冲击压力为优化变量,建立响应量与优化变量间的响应模型。选择中心复合设计法进行实验设计,通过Design Expert 12软件设计实验方案,分别建立关于减薄率的一阶响应模型和关于贴模率的二阶响应模型。优化结果表明当压边力为1.443 MPa、冲击压力为12.594 MPa时可满足减薄率和贴模率优化条件。通过验证实验得到的筒形件其减薄率和贴模率与预测值相对误差不超过5%。研究结果表明建立的响应面模型准确性和预测性良好,采用优化后的工艺参数成形的筒形件满足减薄率和贴模率要求。     

某复杂构型导弹高速风洞部件测力实验研究

在2m×2m超声速风洞开展了某复杂构型导弹部件测力实验研究,实验的迎角范围为-6°~10°,侧滑角范围为-6°~6°,测力部件包括保护罩、左侧翼、大整流罩和小整流罩等部件。使用五分量天平对保护罩在风洞实验中所受到的载荷进行了测量,并利用分断面缝隙处的压力测量结果对保护罩测力实验结果进行了修正,获得了保护罩在实验条件下的真实部件气动特性数据;使用3台三分量天平,直接获得了左侧翼、大整流罩和小整流罩在实验条件下的部件气动特性数据。研究结果表明:实验结果可以作为结构设计的依据;保护罩测力实验结果修正方法合理可行,能够为今后类似部件测力实验结果的修正提供借鉴。