Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.     

微纳InSAR卫星总体技术研究

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频谱分析法在静止气象卫星调焦分析中应用研究

利用频谱分析方法,对静止气象卫星扫描辐射计的在轨调焦进行快速、准确的分析判断,确定是否需要调整及调整时所发遥控命令的调整方向和步长等,避免了单向调出焦距极限位置时,对辐射计造成永久性损坏。文章首次提出的二维频谱法,即使在图像定位精度不高的情况下仍然适用,可以得出准确的分析结果。     

基于嵌入式FPGA加速ORB算法的遥感影像配准方法

卫星上计算资源有限,星载嵌入式处理器处理遥感影像的配准时通常需要很长的时间。可编程逻辑门阵列（FPGA）利用其内部可编程器件可用于加速图像处理。提出了一种基于Xilinx公司的ZYNQ芯片加速ORB算法的遥感影像配准方法,可用于3000×3000像素尺寸的卫星图像配准,缩短了计算耗时,提升了ORB算法的计算能效比。利用FPGA能够实现真正的并行计算电路,实现ORB算法多支路单层流水线的并行计算结构。采用软硬件结合的方法实现架构,能够处理不同分辨率的图像,可灵活配置特征点的数量。基于设计的加速ORB配准方法,获得了较高准确率。与软件实现相比,OVS-1A遥感影像偏移精度损失低于0.05个像元;GF.4遥感影像偏移精度损失小于0.9个像元。将ORB配准算法流程应用在ZYNQ7020上,耗时减少了57.50%。     

论商品房认购书的法律性质

认购书是商品房买卖双方当事人在签署预售契约或买卖契约前所签订的文书,是对双方交易房屋有关事宜的初步确认.因为认购书在房屋交易过程中的地位及对双方当事人权利义务不甚清晰的界定,人们对认购书的性质存在争议.笔者通过对各种观点进行辨析,得出商品房认购书是预约合同的观点.     

用纤内Bragg光栅进行动态应变测量的研究

描述了用纤内Bragg光栅进行动态应变测量研究的意义，原理和方法，提出了两种用纤内Bragg光栅动态应变测量时进行Bragg波长偏移量的解调方法；光干涉相位检测Bragg光栅反射波长偏移的解调方法和用DWDM密集波分复用器解调Bragg波长的方法，前者适用于高频宽带动态应变测量，后者适用于有限频率或中等频率响应的动态应变测量。     

基于EJB的多层分布式系统模型的研究与应用

现今应用程序体系结构已发展到分布式计算模型,本文通过对分布式中间件EJB(EnterpriseJavaBeans)的体系结构和技术规范的研究和分析,深入探讨了EJB体系结构的相关概念以及基于EJB的多层分布式企业应用开发的工作原理,论述了EJB是构建企业分布式应用的一种服务器端开发模型,并以网上购物为例为构建企业多层应用提供了一种开发方法。     

飞机MIL-STD-1553B总线的测试系统

从MIL -STD - 1 5 5 3B总线在综合航电系统的作用入手 ,分析了国内外总线测试系统的功能和特点 ,并针对将来飞机航电系统设计及发展的方向 ,提出了一种新型的MIL -STD - 1 5 5 3B总线测试系统的设计思想     

星用非金属材料出气模型的应用

卫星上所用非金属材料，在空间真空环境下存在出气行为，产生污染效应。为了研究这种出气行为，本文以扩散理论为理论依据，推导材料出气模型。利用空间分子污染气体分析仪，测试了星用非金属材料的出气速率变化，对所测数据进行曲线拟合，通过试验和理论分析，证实了模型推导的正确性，结果表明：经过6h的真空加热预处理能够有效减少出气污染。     

远程多路视频信号无线传输采集系统设计

设计了一种远程多路视频信号传输采集系统,通过模拟信号远程无线传输的方式将摄像头获得的视频信息传输到监控计算机,由计算机上的图像采集卡进行采集,由监控软件进行多路信号的显示,该系统在多机器人系统中取得了良好的应用效果。