航天器自动化测试语言的设计与实现(英文)

航天器自动测试系统是基于各种测试标准的航天器综合测试信息化系统,测试语言是关于各种测试标准描述的形式体系,是提高测试效率的重要手段。在我国多航天器测试的新需求下,航天器测试语言的研究已成为航天器测试领域面临的新挑战。结合当前的测试需求,本文提出了一种高阶航天器测试语言CATOL(China Aerospace Test and Operation Language),介绍了语言的组成结构。为了刻画和定义航天器测试过程,给出了该语言子集 CATOL-PR的语法和操作语义,实现了该语言的原型系统。该语言可促进国内航天器测试的标准化工作,提高测试人员工作效率,使航天器自动化测试工作得到进一步发展。     

UML状态图的形式化建模及其分析

为解决状态图的建模问题,特别是带有复合状态的层次化状态图的建模问题,分析了UML状态图的结构特点和语义特征,构造了层次化着色Petri网HCPN.将复合状态的Petri网子网结构划分成输入/输出端口、状态迁移部分和历史状态部分.其中输入/输出端口分别用于完成子网进入弧的解析和离开的弧的汇总,状态迁移部分完成状态机子网内部状态变换,历史状态部分通过"记忆单元",完成复合状态的"记忆恢复"和"记忆刷新".基于所构造的HCPN结构,总结了状态图复合状态转入/转出迁移的语义和约束规则,阐述了复合状态的Petri网子网的相应描述方法和分析技术.最后针对状态图的安全性要求详细论述了历史状态完备性判定原则、父子层一致性判定原则和状态可达性判定原则的HCPN语义表示.研究成果对进一步开发自动化分析验证工具,优化复杂系统设计方案,提高软件质量具有重要的指导意义.      

民航专业英语教学法初探

通过对历年来常见英语教学方法的对比,结合民航所需人才模式和专业英语教学的现状分析,提出民航专业英语教学应针对成年人学习英语的特点,发展以认知法和交际法为主,兼收其他之长的教学方法。认为专业英语教学应立足于语言标准、信息充实的教材,重视语法教学,着重培养学生的速读和速译能力,在阅读基础上发展会话能力。     

基于CNS性能及人为因素的纵向碰撞风险研究

为了分析CNS性能及人为因素对航空器在平行航路的安全间距影响,基于雷达管制环境下管制员对航空器纵向穿越的干预过程,在传统碰撞风险模型的基础上引入认知可靠性与失误分析方法(CREAM),综合考虑通信、导航、监视(Communication,Navigation and Surveillance,CNS)性能以及人为因素,建立了包含人的认知可靠性的平行航路纵向碰撞风险模型.并通过算例分析了CNS性能以及人因可靠性对平行航路碰撞风险的影响.结果表明,导航性能对航路的纵向碰撞风险影响较大;通过提高人的认知可靠性可以有效地提高平行航路的安全水平.     

词汇、短语和句式层面上否定构式翻译的认知研究

为了进行翻译创造性的认知研究,分析归纳了词汇形态、短语、句式的语言不同层面的否定构式类型,运用了构式和词汇(词干)的双向互动理论、构式压制理论、心理空间理论、交互主观性理论、认知隐喻理论,融合了构式语法和认知语言学理论于翻译研究中,揭示了翻译创造性研究与人们的认知思维、心理表征和语境密切相关,拓宽了翻译的认知研究范围,为构式语法和认知语言学理论融合互补于翻译研究,提供了借鉴方法。     

The cognitive adequacy of Allen's interval calculus for qualitative spatial representation and reasoning

Qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) is often claimed to be cognitively more plausible than conventional numerical approaches to spatial reasoning, because it copes with the indeterminacy of spatial data and allows inferences based on incomplete spatial knowledge. The paper reports experimental results concerning the cognitive adequacy of an important approach used in QSR, namely the spatial interpretation of the interval calculus introduced by Allen (1983). Knauff, Rauh and Schlieder (1995) distinguished between the conceptual and inferential cognitive adequacy of Allen's interval calculus. The former refers to the thirteen base relations as a representational system and the latter to the compositions of these relations as a tool for reasoning. The results of two memory experiments on conceptual adequacy show that people use ordinal information similar to the interval relations when representing and remembering spatial arrangements. Furthermore, symmetry transformations on the interval relations were found to be responsible for most of the errors, whereas conceptualneighborhood theory did not appear to correspond to cognitively relevant concepts. Inferential adequacy was investigated by two reasoning experiments and the results show that in inference tasks where the number of possible interval relations for the composition is more than one, subjects ignore numerous possibilities and interindividually prefer the same relations. Reorientations and transpositions operating on the relations seem to be important for reasoning performance as well, whereas conceptual neighborhood did not appear to affect the difficulty of reasoning tasks based on the interval relations.     

On early cognitive mapping

In this paper we examine the nature of theearly cognitive map – the beginnings of acognitive map formed from one's earlyimpressions of the environment one is in. Twodistinct paradigms have emerged from ourstudies of what information is initially identified in a cognitive map. The first, which weterm a space-based approach, emphasises makingexplicit the spatial extent of the currentlocal environment. The second emphasises makingexplicit the relationships between objects inthe local environment and we call this anobject-based approach. For both paradigms weexamine the psychological literature to findsupport for the approach and the roboticists'attempts at implementing the idea. We arguethat a space-based approach is the moreappropriate way to compute an early cognitivemap. In particular, we find that Siegel andWhite's (1975) object-based hypothesis, whichstates that the developmental progression of acognitive map is from landmark to route tosurvey map, is not supported. The space-basedparadigm underpins our own work in this areaand we outline our own space-based theory forcomputing an early cognitive map.     

Reasoning about Depth and Motion from an Observer's Viewpoint

ABSTRACT

The goal of this paper is to present a logic-based formalism for representing knowledge about objects in space and their movements, and show how this knowledge could be built up from the viewpoint of an observer immersed in a dynamic world. In this paper space is represented using functions that extract attributes of depth, size and distance from snapshots of the world. These attributes compose a novel spatial reasoning system named Depth Profile Calculus (DPC). Transitions between qualitative relations involving these attributes are represented by an extension of this calculus called Dynamic Depth Profile Calculus (DDPC). We argue that knowledge about objects in the world could be built up via a process of abduction on DDPC relations.     

统一建模语言UML及其应用

UML是面向对象的统一建模语言，是面向对象领域的重要成果。它的内容包括UML语义和UML表示法两个部分。本文简要介绍了UML语义，表示法的内容，并总结了它在某些重要领域的应用。