高速摄像技术在火箭橇头罩分离试验中的应用

火箭橇头罩分离试验中,需要采集头罩分离前后的高速图像。由于火工品爆炸时间短,振动与冲击环境恶劣,普通摄像设备难以满足要求。文章介绍了一种小型化、低功耗、能够适应强振动与冲击环境的高速摄像系统,该系统由具有Camera Link接口的工业相机、图像采编单元和数据存储单元组成,图像采编单元对工业相机图像数据进行编码,并通过LVDS接口传输至数据存储单元;数据存储单元使用FPGA控制SATA接口固态硬盘实现无损图像数据的实时存储。通过减振和自动调光设计,此系统能够适应强振动与冲击环境,并能自动快速适应各种光照环境,已成功应用在某火箭橇头罩分离试验中,实现了分辨率为800×600、帧率为120帧/s的连续图像存储,存储时间不低于30 min,存储的图像数据完整可靠。     

方坯药预测寿命与发动机推进剂药柱实际寿命差异研究

从固化条件、贮存条件、应力状态条件和预测方法4个方面,分析了方坯药预测寿命与发动机推进剂药柱实际寿命存在差异的原因。针对以上原因提出了用修正因子、受力状态模拟试验和老化动力学研究等方法来减少这种差异的技术途径。以提高推进剂寿命预测的准确性。     

固体推进剂贮存寿命非破坏性评估方法(Ⅲ)——预测残留寿命延寿法

从动力学理论分析入手,结合推进剂老化特征参数的研究结果,研究了用非破坏性手段预估固体推进剂残留寿命的方法。动力学理论分析表明,反应活化能是老化温度的函数,活化能对老化温度存在线性依赖关系,且活化能对老化温度的依赖关系和指前因子对老化温度的依赖关系是等效的。研究结果表明,影响推进剂寿命的应力问题也可以转化为动力学问题来处理,且应力对推进剂寿命的影响显著。利用新推导的4参数动力学公式,结合适宜的特征参数,建立了预估推进剂残留寿命的非破坏性方法,该方法可用于到期导弹的延寿。     

固体推进剂贮存寿命非破坏性评估方法(II)——动态力学性能主曲线监测法

对动态力学性能和静态力学性能的关系进行了理论分析,认为二者之间存在对应关系。通过对采用动态力学分析(DMA)法得到的动态储能模量主曲线和材料试验机得到的静态松弛主曲线进行对比,验证了这种关系。提出了根据动态和静态力学性能关系,利用动态储能模量主曲线得到静态松弛模量和静态强度,以评估推进剂老化状态的非破坏性方法。预测值和实测值的比较结果显示,该方法能够较好地评估推进剂的寿命状态。     

国外固体推进剂及其粘结界面贮存老化研究进展

对国外固体推进剂及其粘结界面贮存老化性能的研究进展和最新研究成果进行了综述。介绍了国外在固体推进剂及其粘结界面老化与监测的情况,展望了该研究领域未来的发展趋势,认为以光谱学和埋入微型传感器等方法为代表的固体推进剂的无损评估技术将是今后研究的重点。     

高效相变蓄热装置结构设计及试验研究

文章针对某飞行器舱内大功率设备控温需求,提出了相变蓄热技术解决方案,建立了平板式肋片强化相变蓄热装置物理模型,根据大功率伺服舵机控制器热耗及工作模式等参数条件,采用十八烷为相变吸热材料,设计了一台高效平板式肋片相变蓄热装置,并通过地面试验研究,验证了该装置的控温性能、稳定性及等温性。试验结果表明:所设计的肋片式高效相变蓄热装置,在120 W热源功率下,可以将设备温度控制在50℃以下超过3000 s;榫槽形式的封装结构具有良好的密封性能,相变蓄热装置在多次相变循环后无泄漏;在3000 s测试时间内相变装置内部最大温差为3℃,具有很好的等温性。     

用于故障穿越的飞轮储能双三相异步电机驱动控制研究

随着海上风电场的发展和高压直流输电技术的应用,风电场系统存在交流侧故障穿越的问题。针对这个问题,提出了一种用于故障穿越的基于模块化多电平变频器和双三相异步电机的飞轮储能系统,并设计了其驱动控制方案。飞轮储能系统采用了模块化多电平技术能方便地构建大功率高压变频器,并具备扩容能力。为了提高飞轮储能系统的可靠性,采用了双三相异步电机驱动,从而提高了冗余性。接着设计了能均衡各个模块电容电压的双三相异步电机驱动控制算法。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台建立了风电场和飞轮储能系统的仿真模型,进行了仿真计算。仿真结果验证了飞轮储能系统的功能和驱动控制策略的性能。     

基于混合加密的 移动存储文件安全系统设计与实现

针对移动存储设备数据传递过程中面临的信息泄露、内容篡改等安全问题,基于多层嵌套混合加密思想,将ECC公钥密码体制与AES高级加密标准相结合,建立操作系统服务层的移动存储文件安全体系。设计了ECC密钥对存储格式、公钥离线交换机制和基于ECDH的密钥交换协议。将密钥信息以密文身份认证文件的形式随加密文件同时存储至移动存储设备中;解密时,以身份认证文件和ECC算法为依据进行解密。设计了二层混合加密和三层混合加密2种模式,使系统在安全和便捷方面具有一定的弹性,并在提高文件分发灵活度的同时,保证了系统的安全性。经严格测试,系统具有理想的安全性,能够实现对移动存储设备文件的有效防护。     

Satellite and ground detection of very dense smoke clouds produced on the islands of the Paraná river delta that affected a large region in Central Argentina

Intense fires were produced on the Paraná river delta islands, Argentina, during most part of 2008, by a combination of an exceptionally dry period and the farmers’ use of a fire land-cleaning technique. In April 2008, those fires significantly affected the nearby regions and their inhabitants, from Rosario city to Buenos Aires mega-city. In this work we present satellite as well as ground Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm data obtained during the propagation of pollution clouds to the central zone of Argentina. The highest value (1.18) was registered at Buenos Aires by atmospheric remote sensing, using the satellite instrument MODIS/Terra on April 18th 2008 at 10:35 local time (= UT − 3 h). On the same day, ground air quality detectors also measured in this city the highest Total Suspended Particle (TSP) value of the month, 2.02 mg/m³. The AOD(550) daily variation at Rosario Astronomical Observatory, which is located near the Paraná riverside, was derived by combining solar ultraviolet erythemal irradiance data (measured with a YES biometre) with model calculations. On April 25th 2008, from 12:00 to 15:30 local time, a rather high and constant AOD(550) value was registered, with a mean value of (0.90 ± 0.21). Cities located on the side of the Rosario–Buenos Aires highway (San Nicolás, Baradero and San Pedro) were also affected, showing a mean AOD(550) between the Rosario and Buenos Aires values. The particulate matter was collected with gridded samplers placed on the Paraná river islands as well as at the Rosario Observatory. They were analysed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and mainly showed a biological origin. Even if normally large particles travel small distances from the source, organic aerosol in the range of 40–100 μm and complex asymmetric structures were registered several kilometres away from the aerosol sources on the islands. Another event of intense UV index attenuation (98.6%) occurred on September 18th 2008, due to very dense smoke clouds that extended over the Rosario area for several hours. The clouds were driven away from the fires by East–northeast and East–southeast winds. The minimum value of this index measured around noon allows to derive a maximum AOD(550)_max = (3.65 ± 0.90) at 12:45 local time. Soot clouds extended over the Paraná river, transporting Burned Biomass Debris (BBD) that deposited on Rosario. In particular, burned leaves and small branches with dimensions of 1–20 cm were collected. The mean (BBD) particles deposited on the ground from 7:00 to 19:00 local time were (0.92 ± 0.20) BBD/(m² h).     

储氢合金的性质及发展趋势

本文介绍了储氢合金的性质，Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池原理，以及储氢合金对Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池所产生的影响，根据目前科学技术的发展以及市场的需求，提出了未来储氢合金及Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池的发展趋势。