Heat storage and electricity generation in the Moon during the lunar night

One of the biggest challenges of the exploration of the Moon is the survival of the crew and the lunar assets during the lunar night. The environmental conditions on the lunar surface and its cycle, with long periods of darkness, make any long mission in need of specific amounts of heat and electricity to be successful. We have analyzed two different systems to produce heat and electricity on the Moon's surface. The first system consists of Thermal Wadis, sources of thermal power that can be used to supply heat to protect the exploration systems from the extreme cold during periods of darkness. Previous results showed that Wadis can supply enough heat to keep lunar devices such as rovers above their minimum operating temperature (approximately 243 K). The second system studied here is the Thermal Energy Storage (TES), which is able to run a heat engine during the lunar night to produce electricity. When the Sun is shining on the Moon's surface, the system can run the engine directly using the solar power and simultaneously heat a thermal mass. This thermal mass is used as a high temperature source to run the heat engine during the night. We present analytical and numerical calculations for the determination of an appropriate thermal mass for the TES system.     

制备方法对Al/Fe2 O3纳米铝热剂储存性能的影响

利用SEM、XRD和DSC研究了制备方法对Al/Fe2 O3纳米铝热剂储存性能的影响。结果表明,超声共混法制备的纳米铝热剂放置60 d后,活性铝的平均粒径减小4 nm,使得铝热反应放热量降低13%,之后趋于稳定;机械球磨法制备的纳米铝热剂放置7 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小3 nm,120 d之后,缓慢减小至57.8 nm,活性铝的减少使得铝热反应放热量损失高达16%,;溶胶-凝胶法所制备的纳米铝热剂储存120 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小仅1 nm,明显地减缓了纳米铝粉的氧化,放热量损失仅为6%,并保持稳定。     

大型固体发动机燃烧室立式贮存研究

为研究大型固体发动机对特殊立式贮存环境的适应性,开展了大型固体发动机立式贮存状态的受力分析以及立式贮存试验研究。基于大型固体发动机立式贮存环境条件的分析,综合考虑固化降温、充气内压等因素对发动机立式贮存的影响,开展了联合载荷作用下的计算分析。研究结果表明,发动机立式贮存状态相对初始状态前、后人工脱粘间隙都增大,前人工脱粘间隙增大较多,前人工脱粘开口部位轴向位移最大,中孔径向位移最大;发动机充气后药柱的变形量、前后凸环形药柱界面及药柱中孔处等效应力应变随内压提高有所提高,但前后凸环形药柱界面和药柱中孔处受力状态从三向或两向受拉变为三向受压状态,设计合适的充气内压有利于发动机的长期立式存放。燃烧室立式贮存试验实测了药柱立式贮存后的变形,实测结果与计算结果趋势一致。     

基于云模型和改进D-S证据理论的目标识别决策方法

在目标识别决策系统中,多探测器多源信息融合的模糊性和不确定性以及各探测周期所得信息的冲突互斥会造成目标识别决策不精准。为解决这一问题,提出基于云模型和改进D-S （Dempster-Shafer）证据理论的目标识别决策方法。首先,将目标识别准确性这一语言评价值划分为不同评价区间等级,以不同评价等级标准云为参照将各探测器各探测周期所得信息转化为云决策矩阵,得出各周期各等级隶属度,进而构建出基本概率分配函数（mass函数）;其次,基于证据理论引入冲突度、差异度、离散度3类衡量冲突大小的参数,定义了一种新的证据冲突参数,同时改进证据冲突融合算法,对各探测器各周期证据体进行修正并融合;再次,结合各探测器权重加权得出各目标综合识别决策的mass函数对目标进行决策;最后,结合算例,验证该方法的适用性,并与其他方法相对比验证了本文方法的优越性。     

Prospects of sea launches for Chinese cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift launch vehicles

This paper introduces the sea-launch technology of a cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift rocket. It first reviews the current state of sea launch technology, and then gives a brief introduction of China’s New Generation Medium-lift Launch Vehicle (NGMLV). The innovations in the NGMVL, such as responsive test and launch control, a H³ launch model, and unmanned operations, provide convenience for sea launches. Based on these innovations, this paper proposes a sea launch scheme, including the system configuration, test and launch processes, and an improved adaptive design for the rocket. Then, the launch platform is discussed in detail, which integrates the functions of sea transportation, assembly and test, as well as technical and launch areas. The layout and function divisions, fluid filling, gas supply and distribution systems, and lossless storage technology of LH2 are described in order. This breakthrough in sea launch technology will enable China to launch medium and large satellites and constellations ‘both on land and sea’, especially into low-inclination Low-Earth Orbits (LEOs), and it allows China to remain competitive in the fast-paced space industry.     

Heat Absorbing and Releasing Experiments with Improved Phase-change Thermal Storage Canisters

This article, based on authors' long-term study, proposes an improved foamed-Ni-packed phase-change thermal storage canister, which takes advantage of the foamed-Ni characteristic of instinctive porous structure and excellent properties to ameliorate its void distribution and thermal conductivity. The improved canister and the unimproved one without foamed-Ni package, are put to heat absorbing and releasing tests to investigate the effects of heat absorbing temperature upon the phase-change materials (PCM) melting time under three temperature schemes by using platinum resistance thermometers (PT100) and data acquisition modules (ADAM-4000) to gather the data of varying temperature. Afterwards, the computerized tomography (CT) is employed to scan the void distribution in both canisters. Compared to the unimproved canister, the experimental results evidence the superiority of the improved one in higher uniformity in void and temperature distribution as well as faster thermal responses.     

基于正态云模型的方法求解目标可能位置域

面向辅助决策军事需求的原则,介绍了定性与定量之间的不确定性转换模型-正态云模型。综合该模型的模糊性和随机性,求解导弹攻击敌方水面舰艇的可能位置域。     

基于照射箔条云的复合干扰原理分析

针对某些舰艇因雷达反射面积较大而实施质心干扰效果不明显的问题,提出了有源照射箔条云的复合干扰方法,增大了导弹末制导雷达接收到的箔条云回波信号强度,相当于增大了箔条云的散射面积,并通过仿真计算验证了此方法的可行性.     

基于隶属云发生器的智能控制

阐述一种利用隶属云发生器实现智能控制的方法。其控制策略是通过语言值构成规则,从而形成一种直观推理方法。它不要求给出被控对象精确的数学模型,仅仅依据人的经验、感觉和逻辑判断,将人用语言值定性表达的控制经验,通过语言原子和云模型转换到语言控制规则器中,就能解决非线性问题和不确定性问题。基于此理论控制倒立摆获得比较好的效果,结果表明,该方法对被控对象的状态和参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性。     

航空发动机标准信号的存储与恢复

研究了航空发动机机载系统标准信号的存储和恢复问题,提出了用信号的功率谱密度代替存储时域信号的思路,并用信号的一个采样值和其功率谱密度恢复了整个信号。从计算结果看,该方法可以有效地压缩机载设备的数据存储空间,并且恢复的信号质量较高。