Intelligent spacecraft module

The paper presents the development of an on-going research project that focuses on a human-centered design approach to habitable spacecraft modules. It focuses on the technical requirements and proposes approaches on how to achieve a spatial arrangement of the interior that addresses sufficiently the functional, physiological and psychosocial needs of the people living and working in such confined spaces that entail long-term environmental threats to human health and performance. Since the research perspective examines the issue from a qualitative point of view, it is based on establishing specific relationships between the built environment and its users, targeting people?s bodily and psychological comfort as a measure toward a successful mission. This research has two basic branches, one examining the context of the system?s operation and behavior and the other in the direction of identifying, experimenting and formulating the environment that successfully performs according to the desired context. The latter aspect is researched upon the construction of a scaled-model on which we run series of tests to identify the materiality, the geometry and the electronic infrastructure required. Guided by the principles of sensponsive architecture, the ISM research project explores the application of the necessary spatial arrangement and behavior for a user-centered, functional interior where the appropriate intelligent systems are based upon the existing mechanical and chemical support ones featured on space today, and especially on the ISS. The problem is set according to the characteristics presented at the Mars500 project, regarding the living quarters of six crew-members, along with their hygiene, leisure and eating areas. Transformable design techniques introduce spatial economy, adjustable zoning and increased efficiency within the interior, securing at the same time precise spatial orientation and character at any given time. The sensponsive configuration is programmed to exhibit behavior in direct relation to human activity. It is based upon two active systems, the Activity Evaluation System (AES) and the Response System (RS), with combined action that is always open to the control of the user. The AES monitors the daily schedule of the astronauts in order to find patterns of activity, understand the context of actions and moreover to assess the psychological condition of the crew-members. If it finds cause for intervention, AES will give way to the RS which employs smart materials, controllers and actuators in order to perform required changes in the environmental factors, both spatial (volume and surface) and ambient (audio, visual, olfactory, and haptic), and induce a desirable spatial and/or psychological condition that is beneficial for the astronauts? comfort and well being.     

SSPS太阳能收集系统研究现状及发展趋势

为研究太阳能收集系统在未来空间太阳能电站(SSPS)中的发展和应用,对比和分析国内外典型系统设计方案的结构特点、光收集特性及优、缺点,展望空间太阳能电站太阳能收集系统的发展趋势,并提出对新材料、新结构、新技术、新理论和新方法的发展和应用需求。     

不同聚集因素对燃烧室凝相颗粒粒度分布的影响

设计了一种凝相颗粒收集装置,可对燃烧室内不同聚集状态下的粒子进行完整的收集,并对颗粒的形态影响较小。针对HTPB推进剂,开展了不同流通面积和颗粒浓度条件下的粒子收集实验,利用扫描电镜和激光粒度分析仪,对收集到的粒子进行了分析。结果表明,不同聚集状态下的凝相颗粒粒径均分布在0.1～200μm之间,随着流通面积的减小,小于3μm的颗粒逐渐减少,3～10μm之间的颗粒变化不大,大于10μm的颗粒逐渐增加,颗粒平均粒径d43和d50均逐渐增大,且d43和d50的变化率也逐渐增加;随着颗粒浓度的增加,颗粒平均粒径d43和d50增大较明显。     

采用欧拉两相流法对翼型表面霜冰的数值模拟

基于欧拉两相流理论提出一种翼型表面霜冰的数值模拟方法.采用同位网格上的SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) 算法求解空气控制方程;提出一种可穿透型壁面边界模拟水滴对翼型表面的撞击,通过求解过冷水滴的控制方程得到翼型表面的水滴收集特性;利用冰层时间推进法模拟积冰过程,使用积冰法向生长假设生成积冰外形.对NACA 0012翼型在0°和4°迎角下的积冰情况进行了研究,冰形预测结果与实验结果一致.通过对结冰翼面的压力分布进行分析,表明积冰对翼型气动性能会产生不利影响.     

飞机三维结冰模型及其数值求解方法

 对飞机结冰外形进行纯三维数值模拟,是目前飞机结冰预测中的一大难点。为了建立三维结冰数值模拟方法,基于Messinger的二维结冰模型,提出了一种考虑液态水溢流效应的三维结冰计算模型,并针对该模型建立了表面单元内溢流水流动的分配方案、发展了相应的迭代求解方法。采用本文方法对MS-317后掠翼结冰进行了计算,并与实验和Lewice3D的计算结果进行了对比。研究结果显示：本文方法具有较好的收敛性,计算的霜冰和明冰外形均与Lewice3D计算的冰形一致;对于霜冰和结冰时间较短的明冰,本文计算的冰形与实验吻合较好;对于结冰时间较长的明冰,本文计算的冰形与实验对比还有一定差异,但冰生长的总体趋势和大致体积与实验一致。同时,对比了MS-317无后掠翼与有后掠翼结明冰的外形,发现机翼后掠导致的三维溢流效应对结冰外形有明显影响,因此,对于三维结冰分析,如果用二维截面的结果来代替三维结果,其合理性还需验证。     

飞机结冰探测器安装位置研究

基于飞机结冰探测器安装要求,通过三维数值仿真,模拟了机头表面流场和水滴撞击特性.通过标定水滴遮蔽区和浓度增加区引入危险位置点的概念,对结冰探测器的安装位置进行了分析,模拟了安装位置处结冰探测器探头表面和飞机主要迎风部件表面的水滴收集特性和结冰特性,并进行对比分析.分析结果表明探头表面的最大收集系数、结冰强度和结冰程度等...     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室凝相粒子的收集与分析

设计了一种新的固体火箭发动机燃烧室状态粒子收集装置,可对不同工作压强和燃烧室滞留时间的凝相粒子进行收集。针对典型的HTPB推进剂,开展了不同压强条件下的实验研究,利用马尔文粒度分析仪和扫描电镜,对收集到的粒子进行了分析。结果表明,典型含铝复合推进剂凝相燃烧产物的粒径主要分布在0.05~100μm之间,粒子粒度的体积分布峰值小于5μm。随着压强的增加,粒度分布峰值略有上升,粒径分布更为集中。     

一种鲁棒的毫米波雷达人体呼吸心跳测量方法

提出一种基于毫米波雷达的人体呼吸心跳测量方法，可用于检测航天员的呼吸心跳。通过发射57.5~63.5 GHz频段的线性调频连续波，采集人体胸腔表面反射的雷达回波，经过混频和低通滤波后采样，得到包含呼吸心跳微动信息的中频采样数据。通过对中频采样数据做快速傅里叶变换，确定人体胸腔相对雷达的径向距离，进一步提取胸腔位置对应的相位信号。然后采用一种改进的相位差分增强方法，抑制相位信号中呼吸谐波对心跳信号提取的干扰和低频噪声对呼吸信号提取的干扰。最后采用高斯平滑滤波方法从相位信号中提取无波形失真的呼吸信号，并采用低阶有限冲激响应(FIR)滤波器从相位信号中提取无速率失真的心跳信号。此外，对呼吸、心跳信号采用时域寻峰算法计算呼吸率和心率。实验结果表明:此方法对人体呼吸信号和心跳信号测量的准确性高、鲁棒性强。     

Energy-efficient data collection for UAV-assisted IoT: Joint trajectory and resource optimization

Internet of Things (IoT) can be conveniently deployed while empowering various applications, where the IoT nodes can form clusters to finish certain missions collectively. As energy-efficient operations are critical to prolong the lifetime of the energy-constrained IoT devices, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can be dispatched to geographically approach the IoT clusters towards energy-efficient IoT transmissions. This paper intends to maximize the system energy efficiency by considering both the IoT transmission energy and UAV propulsion energy, where the UAV trajectory and IoT communication resources are jointly optimized. By applying large-system analysis and Dinkelbach method, the original fractional optimization is approximated and reformulated in the form of subtraction, and further a block coordinate descent framework is employed to update the UAV trajectory and IoT communication resources iteratively. Extensive simulation results are provided to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.