Heat storage and electricity generation in the Moon during the lunar night

One of the biggest challenges of the exploration of the Moon is the survival of the crew and the lunar assets during the lunar night. The environmental conditions on the lunar surface and its cycle, with long periods of darkness, make any long mission in need of specific amounts of heat and electricity to be successful. We have analyzed two different systems to produce heat and electricity on the Moon's surface. The first system consists of Thermal Wadis, sources of thermal power that can be used to supply heat to protect the exploration systems from the extreme cold during periods of darkness. Previous results showed that Wadis can supply enough heat to keep lunar devices such as rovers above their minimum operating temperature (approximately 243 K). The second system studied here is the Thermal Energy Storage (TES), which is able to run a heat engine during the lunar night to produce electricity. When the Sun is shining on the Moon's surface, the system can run the engine directly using the solar power and simultaneously heat a thermal mass. This thermal mass is used as a high temperature source to run the heat engine during the night. We present analytical and numerical calculations for the determination of an appropriate thermal mass for the TES system.     

降雨条件下翼型的气动特性

采用计算流体力学方法对降雨条件下翼型的气动特性进行了研究.通过求解定常可压的Navier-Stokes方程来计算流场,采用拉格朗日法对流场中的雨滴轨迹进行了模拟跟踪,得到了翼型表面的雨滴收集率;建立了水膜层数学模型,并假定水膜层沿着翼型表面的法向方向增长,预测了降雨引起的翼型外形的变化,并得到了水膜层表面的粗糙度高度;采用k-ωSST(shear-stress transport)两方程湍流模型结合增强的壁面函数,研究了降雨对翼型气动特性的影响.结果表明,在低迎角范围内,降雨对翼型的升力系数和阻力系数影响很小;当达到失速迎角后,降雨会引起上翼面边界层气流的提前分离,造成翼型气动性能的严重损失.      

三维复杂表面水滴撞击特性计算

为预测多段翼和发动机进气道等三维复杂形状表面在结冰气象条件下的水滴撞击特性,提出了一种基于欧拉两相流模型求解水滴收集系数的方法.空气相和水滴相认为是单相耦合的,空气流场由Euler或Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程独立求得.给出了一种水滴相撞击壁面边界条件的处理方法.为避免因局部水滴容积分数异常而导致计算发散,提出了一种自适应的数值扩散模型以增加高阶计算的稳定性.验证计算了圆柱、MS(1)-0317翼型、球面等典型二三维物面的收集系数,并计算了水滴直径呈某种分布时的情形.与公开发表的试验数据对比表明,计算方法准确有效,能很好的应用于三维复杂表面的水滴撞击特性预测.      

带整体式粒子分离器的涡轴发动机进口支板的三维积冰数值研究

整体式粒子分离器对涡轴发动机的气动乃至积冰都会有影响。为了获得涡轴发动机进口支板的积冰特性,以包含整体式粒子分离器的涡轴发动机进气机匣为模型,选取间断最大结冰条件,采用欧拉-欧拉法模拟了进气机匣内的空气-过冷水滴两相流场,并计算了支板表面的水滴撞击特性,再应用考虑水膜流动和蒸发的三维积冰模型对支板表面的积冰进行了模拟。计算结果表明,机匣进口的水滴有99.4%进入了扫气流道,而且结冰参数在支板前缘上游呈现出明显的周向不均匀性。对于主流道下游的4片支板,仅距离蜗壳起始位置最近的支板前缘局部受到显著的水滴撞击,最大水收集系数达到3.8,当积冰总时间为74s时,该支板表面最大积冰厚度约8mm,其余3片支板表面几乎没有水滴撞击和积冰现象。本文的研究结果可为考虑整体式粒子分离器影响的涡轴发动机进口支板的防冰设计提供依据。     

基于冗余主从节点架构的飞行器遥测参数采集系统研究

基于冗余主从节点架构,设计了一种器载遥测参数采集系统,承担信息汇总功能的中心节点采用双机热备份,在出现故障时经自主判别和切换,可实现控制权快速切换,提高了系统的可靠性和重构性。采编单元的供电与信号采集模块采用一体化设计,降低了配套电缆网设计难度和重量。测试结果表明,该系统能有效地满足航天飞行器遥测参数隔离采集、传输和故障隔离的要求,实现遥测参数的高可靠、高精度采集和传输,对于工程应用具有一定的参考意义。     

从税制与征管关系角度完善我国个人所得税

税收制度与税收征管存在两个层面的关系。一方面,完善科学的税制可以为税收征管创造良好的实施基础;另一方面,有效的税收征管是实现税收制度政策目标的必要手段和保证。然而我国当前税制的确立过于重视税制本身而忽略了实际的税务管理能力,使得我国税制的实施在相当大的程度上背离了税制设计的初衷,因此进一步协调税制与征管完善我国个人所得税制势在必行。     

远距离无电源现场的数据采集

在许多特殊的工程应用中，远距离无电源现场的数据采集，是十分重要的，本文对其实现方法进行了探讨。     

A sample collector for robotic sample return missions I: Temperature effect on collected mass

Sample return is playing an increasingly important role in solar system exploration. Among the possible mission on the horizon, are sample return from asteroids, comets, the Moon and Mars. A collector initially intended for near-Earth asteroids is the touch-and-go-impregnable-pad (TGIP). Here we explore the effect of temperature on its collection capabilities. Temperatures expected on near-Earth asteroid mission targets range from −43 to 36 °C. Experiments were conducted at −75, −50, −25, 23, 65, and 105 °C. It was found that the mass of sample collected by the TGIP increased almost linearly to 23 °C and then leveled off at higher temperatures. We also found that the collector did not lose its ability to collect samples after being subjected to −75 °C temperatures (essentially frozen) and then thawed. These experiments have shown that the TGIP can operate effectively at temperatures expected on near-Earth asteroids, especially if collection is performed on the sunward side of the asteroid.     

浅谈档案室的管理

如何加强档案规范化管理,充分发挥档案在实际工作中的作用,本文从档案的收集、整理、保管、利用和人员的素质五个方面来进行阐述。从而提高人们对档案室管理工作的认识,以确保档案室管理工作的进一步提高。     

SCADA系统在石油储运中的应用

应用组态软件及PLC技术实现石油储运数据库的SCADA系统的构建,详细阐述了模拟石油储运中数据采集的硬件需求设计、软件构成,说明了石油储运数据库的SCADA系统的特点、功能、控制原理,完成了石油储运数据库的建立,为石油储运的研究提供了大量的实验数据,为石油储运新方法、新技术的推广提供依据。