面向深空探测的30cm离子推力器寿命预估

为评价30cm离子推力器的寿命,提出了有限寿命考核结合栅极仿真模型的推力器寿命预估方法,利用粒子-蒙特卡洛（PIC-MCC）方法建立了栅孔溅射腐蚀模型,开展了30cm离子推力器寿命预估研究,分析了栅孔刻蚀速率、单孔电场及离子引出特性,给出了30cm推力器寿命预估值。结果表明,栅孔直径仿真与实测值一致性较好,误差在20%以内,基于每个寿命小节栅孔实测值对模型的修正是有效的;根据仿真结果,10000h寿命考核后,减速栅最先失效,30cm离子推力器在最大功率（3kW）工况下预估寿命为37540h,能够满足小天体探测任务对电推进系统的长寿命需求。     

氙离子推力器束流分布特性研究

建立了离子推力器束流分布的高斯模型,以200mm氙离子推力器为例,在不同工作环境下对推力器束流分布进行了数值模拟,并通过试验测量了推力器引出切面不同位置(轴向z=50mm,z=100mm)下的径向束电流密度和束离子密度分布。通过对数值模拟结果与试验测量结果的比较,误差为17%,认为数值模拟结果与试验测量结果吻合较好。表明离子推力器引出束流呈轴对称分布,在推力器出口附近,束离子密度很大,越往下游,密度越小且束流出现发散。     

超低轨道卫星应用离子电推进技术方案

低地球轨道大气环境对诸如科学探测和对地观测卫星的阻尼作用十分明显,而且阻尼随太阳和地磁活动以及昼夜、季节交替变化范围宽.为了保证卫星轨道精度或飞行状态满足任务要求,需要利用推进系统对卫星受到的阻尼进行实时或间歇式补偿以实现轨道或飞行状态的保持.针对轨道高度220～268 km的无拖曳飞行和轨道维持应用,基于卫星轨道阻尼...     

Early effects of low dose C ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDI.     

Electrolytic Passivation of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in Different Electrolytes

The corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy was studied in various corrosion media of different Cl–ion concentrations. The results demonstrate that the Cl–ion concentration has significant influences on the corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, protective films were generated on the surface of the nitinol alloy by means of the electrochemical passivation method, for which five different electrolytic solutions were investigated. The surface analysis indicates full growth of all samples pas-sivated in the different electrolytic solutions with layers, however, showing different morphological features. Without any defects like micro-cracks and pores, the surface of the samples passivated in the molybdate solution turns out smoother and denser than those pas-sivated in other solutions. It is shown that the electro-chemical passivation will reduce Ni content but increase Ti content in the surface, reaching the Mole ratio of Ti:Ni=9.01:1 on the outermost surface. Potentiodynamic polarization test demonstrates that the samples electrochemically passivated in the molybdate solution present a significant increase in breakdown potential due to titanium enrichment on the outermost surface.     

钛合金的离子束改性

钛合金是航空航天工业常用的结构材料,它具有重量轻、强度高、抗腐蚀强等优良性能,但耐磨性较差.为提高其耐磨性,对TC4、TA7航材试件,采用溅射方法在其表面镀上钛膜,并用(N^＋＋N^＋₂)混合离子束进行动态反冲注入及单元素C^＋离子束注入两种方法,进行表面改性.精密摩擦、磨损试验及显微硬度测量结果,试件表面的滑动摩擦系数降低了64%~77%;磨损率减少了22%~48%;显微硬度提高0.3~1.4倍.证明离子注入有效地改善了合金表层的摩擦、磨损性能.对注入样品进行X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,发现注入后的钛合金表层,生成了大量的TiO₂,并析出TiN,TiC等金属化合物,这是降低摩擦系数,提高耐磨性的主要因素.添加C^＋离子注入的试件,其力学性能并无进一步改善,原因有待分析.     

SiO32-浓度对KMnO4/FeSO4工艺除磷过程的影响

考察了天然水体中常见的SiO_3~(2-)对KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺混凝除磷的影响。SiO_3~(2-)存在时KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺混凝除磷的效能随着溶液pH的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势。SiO_3~(2-)浓度为1.0 mmol/L,溶液pH值为4～6时,SiO_3~(2-)可促进KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺除磷的效能,KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺对磷的去除效果分别增加了6.0%,9.9%和6.3%;溶液pH值为7～9时,SiO_3~(2-)可显著抑制KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺除磷的效能,KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺对磷的去除效果分别降低了14.76%,32.6%和17.3%。KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺形成的絮体颗粒物表面ζ电位显著降低,溶液中残余铁的量明显提高。另外,水中SiO_3~(2-)对KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺形成的絮体颗粒物的组成和表面特征均有一定影响。该研究为KMnO_4/FeSO_4工艺混凝除磷技术的推广提供了必要的理论基础。     

基于位移等效的复合道面PCN计算方法

为了对复合道面承载力进行合理的评估,研究了 现行规范中复合道面等级号(Pavement classification number,PCN)计算方法,分析场道承载力的影响因素,确定了进行厚度折算的位 移等效原则。通过设计正交试验,经大量有限元试算,回归得到了复合道面厚度折算公式, 最后就各因素对厚度折算的影响规律进行了讨论。结果表明：复合道面PCN计算时,可按位 移等效原则将复合道面简化为一当量厚度的单层刚性板;道面混凝土厚度是影响PCN计算结 果的最关键因素。不同厚度折算计算方法会导致计算的PCN值差异较大;沥青混凝土厚度对 厚度折算结果的影响最为显著。     

离子与霍尔电推进性能和质量的工程数据模型

为了提供航天工程任务设计时优选离子或霍尔电推进的通用对比分析方法,基于工程数据建立了包括推力器、电源处理单元、推力器选择单元、控制单元、推进剂气瓶、调压单元、流率单元、推力器支架、电缆、管路等产品的电推进的性能和质量经验模型。在此基础上通过推导建立了电推进系统干质量通用模型,模型变量参数包括推力器功率、推力器数量和推进...     

超磁致伸缩材料及其在航空航天工业中的应用

介绍了超磁致伸缩材料在国内外发展状况,系统地比较了该材料各种制备方法的优缺点及其适用领域,采用真空感应熔炼和真空区熔定向凝固方法制备出 Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 超磁致伸缩合金,用 X-射线及光学金相分析了该合金的凝固组织形貌、微观结构和晶体择优生长方向。结果表明,该合金的铸态组织为树枝状的Mg Cu2 型 ( Tb,Dy) Fe2 和富稀土相两相结构。本实验条件下,该合金定向凝固形态为胞状晶和树枝晶,其晶体生长择优取向分别为〈1 1 0〉和〈1 1 2〉方向。同时介绍了超型磁致伸缩材料在航空航天工业中的应用前景