CuO/CNTs复合催化剂的制备及对FOX-12热分解的催化性能

以醋酸铜和碳纳米管为原料,采用溶胶浸渍法在常压低温(100℃)下制备出CuO/CNTs复合催化剂,采用XRD、TEM、ICP等对催化剂进行表征,并用DSC研究催化剂对FOX-12热分解特性的影响。TEM结果表明,纳米CuO以8~10 nm的椭球形粒子和宽度为5 nm、长度为50 nm的棒状粒子2种形态附着在碳纳米管表面。催化剂使FOX-12分解峰温降低、放热量增加、表观活化能降低,表现出良好的催化性能。当FOX-12与催化剂以质量比5:1混合时,FOX-12热分解峰温降低了20.3℃,ΔH增加了332 J/g。     

碳/碳复合材料用基体先驱体研究进展

综述了碳／碳复合材料用基体先驱体如沥青、酚醛树脂、邻苯二甲腈树脂和炔类树脂的合成及改性研究。为开发新一代低成本、高性能碳／碳复合材料提供了方向。     

纳米炭分对炭／酚醛材料性能的影响

用纳米级炭粉对炭／酚醛复合材料性能进行了改进。对纳米级炭粉加入后酚醛树脂的热解性能,材料的烧蚀性能、常温下力学性能、热性能及炭化后材料的层间剪切强度的测定结果表明,材料性能得到不同程度的提高,特别是热膨胀特性及高温下层间剪切强度得到大幅度提高。     

白炭黑特性对丁羟衬层力学性能的影响

研究了沉淀法白炭黑在HTPB/TDI衬层中的补强效果及白炭黑的分散性、表面羟基含量和类型、空隙容量等对丁羟衬层力学性能的影响。结果表明,沉淀法白炭黑是HTPB/TDI衬层体系良好的补强填料,补强效果分为物理补强和化学补强两部分,化学补强效果取决于表面孤立态羟基及其相对含量,物理补强效果取决于分散性;白炭黑的空隙容量是综合评定白炭黑在HTPB/TDI衬层中补强效果的有效参数。     

燃烧室新材料在卫星双组元低推力发动机上的应用

对有代表性、有发展前途的几种新材料进行比较 ,并根据应用新材料的低推力发动机燃烧室的结构特点 ,分析了不同冷却方式对双组元低推力发动机性能损失的影响 ,为双组元低推力发动机燃烧室的材料选择、加工工艺、设计优化提供参考。     

纺织结构复合材料强度性能的研究

考究了由两种不同纺织结构制备的碳繁华只物／环氧树脂复合的制备方法及强度性能，探讨了复合材料强度与织物结构参数－纤维取向之间的关系，导出了计算纺织结构复合强度公式，其估算值与实测值吻合。     

高变形率低密度碳／碳复合材料的研究

介绍了一种平均压缩率达到１０％，平均压缩回弹率达到１３％的低密度碳／碳材料及其独特的制造技术，对改善碳／碳材料的韧性提供了一种行之有效的方法。其主要工艺途径为，在水中以表面活性剂分散、包覆原材料、混合抽滤、烘干固化、炭化等工序。     

提高聚丙烯腈基碳纤维原丝质量的研究进展

概述了世界主要聚丙烯腈（PAN）基碳纤维生产厂家在各自生产工艺下的碳纤维原丝或碳纤维的质量状况。综述了提高PAN基碳纤维原丝质量的研究进展。重点讨论了我国以丙烯腈（AN）、丙烯酸甲酯（MA）、衣康酸（ITA）为单体，以硫氰酸钠（NaSCN）为溶剂，采用一步法均相溶液聚合制得聚丙烯腈原液，经纺丝制得碳纤维原丝过程中存在的问题。指出我国原丝质量不能真正过关的根本原因，提出了我国现阶段碳纤维的发展方向。     

Physiologic and metabolic responses of wheat seedlings to elevated and super-elevated carbon dioxide

The metabolic consequence of suboptimal (400 μmol mol⁻¹ or ppm), near-optimal (1500 ppm) and supra-optimal (10,000 ppm) atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO₂] was investigated in an attempt to reveal plausible underlying mechanisms for the differential physiological and developmental responses to increasing [CO₂]. Both non-targeted and targeted metabolite profiling by GC–MS and LC–MS were employed to examine primary and secondary metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Yocoro rojo) continuously exposed to these [CO₂] levels for 14, 21 and 28 days. Metabolite profile was altered by both [CO₂] and physiological age. In general, plants grown under high [CO₂] exhibited a metabolite profile characteristic of older plants under ambient CO₂. Elevated [CO₂] resulted in higher levels of phosphorylated sugar intermediates, though no clear trend in the content of reducing sugars was observed. Transient starch content was enhanced by increasing [CO₂] to a much greater extent at 10,000 ppm CO₂ than at 1500 ppm CO₂. The percentage increase of starch content resulting from CO₂ enrichment declined as plants develope. In contrast, elevated [CO₂] promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites (flavonoids) progressively to a greater extent as plants became mature. Elevated [CO₂] to 1500 ppm induced a higher initial growth rate, while super-elevated [CO₂] appeared to negate such initial growth promotion. However, after 4 weeks, there was no difference in vegetative growth between 1500 and 10,000 ppm CO₂-grown plants, both elevated CO₂ levels resulted in an overall 25% increase in biomass over the control plants. More interestingly, elevated atmospheric [CO₂] reduced evapotranspiration rate (ET), but further increase to the supra-optimal level resulted in increased ET (a reversed trend), i.e. ET at 1500 ppm < ET at 10,000 ppm < ET at 400 ppm. The differential effect of elevated and super-elevated CO₂ on plants was further reflected in the nitrogen dynamics. These results provide the potential metabolic basis for the differential productivity and stomatal function of plants grown under elevated and super-elevated CO₂ levels.     

Friction and Wear Properties of Amorphous Carbon Nitride Coatings in Water Lubrication

The friction and wear properties of amorphous carbon nitride(a-CN x)coatings in water lubrication were reviewed.The influences of mating materials and tribological variables such as normal load(W)and sliding speed(V)on the friction and wear properties of the a-CN x coatings were analyzed.It was indicated that the specific wear rate of the a-CN x coatings was related to the hydration reaction of mating materials with water.If the mating materials were easily hydrated,the specific wear rate of a-CN x coatings was low.The water-lubricated properties of the a-CN x coatings were better in comparison to the a-C coatings.The a-CN x/Si-based non-oxide ceramics tribo-pairs exhibited the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate.To describe their friction and wear properties at the normal loads of 3—15Nand the sliding speeds of 0.05—0.5m/s,the wear-mechanism maps for the a-CN x/SiC(Si3N4)tribo-pairs in water were developed.