三维针刺碳／碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料及其摩擦磨损性能

采用三维针刺的碳纤维预制体,通过化学气相渗透方法制备具有一定密度的C/C复合材料,然后采用反应熔体浸渗方法进行后续致密化处理,得到高致密度的C/SiC复合材料,系统研究了材料的组织结构特征、刹车性能以及摩擦磨损机理.在纤维束内部每根C纤维单丝之间由化学气相渗透的碳充填形成致密的C/C区域,而在纤维束之间则主要由反应熔体浸渗法生成的SiC、残留Si和C组成.C/SiC复合材料具有非常优异的摩擦磨损性能,摩擦系数变化规律呈典型的马鞍状.平均摩擦系数为0.34,摩擦性能稳定,磨损率低(1.9 μm/次·面);摩擦性能几乎不受湿度的影响,湿态衰减仅为2.9%.在摩擦磨损过程中,C/SiC复合材料的表面能够形成连续稳定的摩擦面,磨损表现为典型的磨粒磨损.     

新型杂化浆料的合成及其对碳纤维／异构聚酰亚胺复合材料性能的影响

通过合成新型改性剂--(γ-苯乙炔亚胺基)丙基三乙氧基硅烷(PEIPTES)实现对SiO2前驱体的原位改性,制备新型异构聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化浆料,利用元素分析、FT-IR、热重分析等对PEIPTES的结构和性能以及新型杂化浆料的结构进行表征与分析.结果表明,杂化浆料中有机相与无机相之间形成化学键.利用该杂化浆料对碳纤维表面进行改性.AFM分析表明,改性后碳纤维表面覆盖一层有纳米级颗粒状突起的物质,增加表面粗糙度,有利于改善复合材料界面性能.复合材料力学性能研究表明,杂化浆料可提高碳纤维/异构聚酰亚胺复合材料的层间剪切强度,当SiO2含量为5wt%时层间剪切强度达到最大值,此时冲击性能和界面耐热性能均有显著提高.     

Effect of Water Absorption on the Impact Properties of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites

In this paper, the effects of test temperatures and time on the impact damage behavior of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites, immersed in pure water, on a pendulum impact tester, was studied. The results show that immersion in liquids has a significant effect on the impact resistance of the unidirectional composite material. It is obvious that after immersion, the mass of the material increases. The fracture initiation forces as well as the fracture initiation energy decrease as the immersion time lengthens. Moreover, the higher the temperature and the longer the time are, the more the crack propagation energy and the ductility index will be. Immersion makes the fracture mode change from the dominant fiber fracture into dominant delamination. All in all, immersion decreases the impact resistance of the composites and causes the fracture mode to change.     

碳纤维织物增强树脂复合材料准静态压缩力学性能实验

针对一种碳纤维二维正交平纹机织布增强树脂基复合材料,对其三个主方向（垂直于碳布方向、碳布经向、碳布纬向）进行了准静态压缩实验,得到了三个主方向上准静态条件矿下的应力-应变曲线和压缩强度。通过对各主方向上的应力-应变曲线的分析,表明该复合材料各主方向上压缩力学性能是碳纤维和树脂基体的力学性能共同起作用的结果,同时碳纤维的初始微屈曲对纵向压缩力学性能、压缩强度都会产生很大影响;碳布经向和纬向的压缩强度都低于垂直于碳布方向的压缩强度,但弹性模量较高;各主方向的压缩破坏模式也有所不同。     

纳米二氧化锰掺杂炭黑复合材料电磁特性的研究

基于单一吸收剂无法达到良好的微波吸收效果,利用纳米二氧化锰掺杂炭黑颗粒制备了一种新型的复合吸收剂,并进行TEM形貌表征,介电性能分析以及微波吸收性能的测试.结果表明,炭黑属于电阻型损耗介质,主要呈球形多孔状;二氧化锰属于介电损耗介质,特殊的条形片状结构增加了电磁波在机体内的反射次数和散射截面,高电阻特性有效改善了吸波平板材料的输入波阻抗匹配程度,从而大大改善炭黑的微波吸收性能.     

聚乙撑二氧噻吩/碳纳米管复合物的合成与表征

为制备出导电性能优良的有机透明导电涂层,需要把具有导电性的碳纳米管在树脂中组装成一体化导电结构网络.本文运用可以在树脂中自组装的导电聚乙撑二氧噻吩来实现碳纳米管自组装的方法,合成出了导电聚乙撑二氧噻吩纳米薄膜均匀覆盖的导电聚乙撑二氧噻吩/碳纳米管复合物,并运用透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和四探针法对其进行了分析与表征,结果发现在碳纳米管含量为1%时,纳米复合物的导电率可达到100S/cm,而碳纳米管和聚乙撑二氧噻吩的导电率分别为10.4 S/cm和14.3S/cm.     

四氯化碳对1J116材料的腐蚀行为及机理探讨

以发生锈蚀的1J116材料产品为分析对象,应用能谱分析、模拟试验等方法,研究了锈蚀产生的原因、腐蚀介质的作用模式和腐蚀机理。实验表明,锈蚀形式主要表现为缝隙腐蚀,氯离子是引起锈蚀的重要条件,而产品清洗后系统中残留的四氯化碳、水和乙醇的混合溶液是氯离子的主要来源。     

对苯二胺功能化多壁碳纳米管的制备与表征

通过将浓硫酸和浓硝酸处理过的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）与SOCl2回流进而与对苯二胺（p-PDA）反应,得到了p-PDA功能化的多壁碳纳米管（p-MWNTs）。首次采用Raman光谱、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）对p-MWNTs的结构和性能进行研究。结果表明：化学修饰过程没有过多地降低p-MWNTs表面石墨片层的结构规整度,苯胺基团以3.7%的表面含量通过酰胺键连接到p-MWNTs表面;p-MWNTs在200-500℃范围内热失重9.47%,间接地证明了苯胺基团通过化学键连接在p-MWNTs的表面;经化学修饰反应后,有较多的缺陷和不导电的有机官能团分布在p-MWNTs表面,但p-MWNTs仍具有71.69 S/cm的室温电导率。     

The effects of CO2 on growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus) in hypobaria

Plants grown on long-term space missions will likely be grown in low pressure environments (i.e., hypobaria). However, in hypobaria the transpiration rates of plants can increase and may result in wilting if the water is not readily replaced. It is possible to reduce transpiration by increasing the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), but the effects of pCO₂ at high levels (>120 Pa) on the growth and transpiration of plants in hypobaria are not known. Therefore, the effects of pCO₂ on the growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus var. Cherry Bomb II) in hypobaria were studied. The fresh weight (FW), leaf area, dry weight (DW), CO₂ assimilation rates (C_A), dark respiration rates (DR), and transpiration rates from 26 day-old radish plants that were grown for an additional seven days at different total pressures (33, 66 or 101 kPa) and pCO₂ (40 Pa, 100 Pa and 180 Pa) were measured. In general, the dry weight of plants increased with CO₂ enrichment and with lower total pressure. In limiting pCO₂ (40 Pa) conditions, the transpiration for plants grown at 33 kPa was approximately twice that of controls (101 kPa total pressure with 40 Pa pCO₂). Increasing the pCO₂ from 40 Pa to 180 Pa reduced the transpiration rates for plants grown in hypobaria and in standard atmospheric pressures. However, for plants grown in hypobaria and high pCO₂ (180 Pa) leaf damage was evident. Radish growth can be enhanced and transpiration reduced in hypobaria by enriching the gas phase with CO₂ although at high levels leaf damage may occur.     

基于神经网络遗传算法的CFRP拉挤工艺优化

根据固化动力学和传热学理论,建立了碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP,Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer)拉挤成型非稳态温度场与固化动力学数学模型.采用有限元与有限差分相结合的方法,结合ANSYS求解耦合场的间接耦合法,对CFRP拉挤过程非稳态温度场和固化度进行数值模拟.使用特殊设计制作的铝毛细管封装的布拉格光栅光纤(FBG,Fiber Bragg Gratings)传感器,对温度场进行实时检测;并采用索氏萃取实验测定CFRP制品固化度.模拟与实验结果基本吻合.以数值模拟结果为样本建立反向传播神经网络,训练得到固化炉温度与CFRP固化度之间的非线性相关关系.采用神经网络与遗传算法相结合的方法,优化得出拉挤固化炉三段最佳温度值,结果表明神经网络结合遗传算法优化拉挤工艺参数快捷有效.