航天器用钛合金表面镀覆技术

介绍了改进的钛合金镀覆前处理工艺,采用二次酸性浸锌的方法对钛合金进行活化,克服了钛合金表面易氧化造成的镀覆层结合不良的问题,并对比了不同磷含量对化学镀镍层结合性能的影响,在TC4及TA1钛合金表面制备得到了结合强度高的化学镀镍、镀金、镀银层。通过热震和划格法测试钛合金表面镀覆层与基体的结合强度;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、3D显微镜、金相显微镜等方法对镀层微观形貌和组成进行测试;并测试了镀层的电化学性能、镀银层的导电性以及镀金层的热辐射性能。实验结果表明:采用酸性浸锌溶液对钛合金进行活化,并以中磷镍作为底镀层,能够显著提高钛合金表面镀覆层的结合强度。化学镀镍层的腐蚀电位相对于钛合金基体提高了60 mV,镀金层的腐蚀电位则提高了600 mV。镀层的导电性、热控性能等都较基体钛合金有明显的提高。     

镁合金化学镀镍磷研究

综述了镁合金化学镀镍的研究现状，重点论述了镁合金化学镀镍工艺的发展，包括DOW浸锌法及直接化学镀工艺以及对工艺的改进、应用情况和存在问题。报道了目前重点研究的问题，如提高耐蚀性、长周期使用与废水处理、镍沉积机制、镀层结合机制等，在此基础上提出了目前化学镀研究尚存在的问题及发展方向。     

Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4/T-ZnOw Composites

Fe3O4/T-ZnOw composites are fabricated by depositing a layer of Fe3O4 film on the surface of tetrapod-shaped ZnO whisker (T-ZnOw) by ferrite plating method. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties of the composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The effects of temperature and pH value of ferrite plating on the Fe3O4/T-ZnOw composites and the magnetic properties of composites are studied. It is shown that the chemical environment with pH value at 7.5 is most favorable for the ferrite plating processes by analyzing the main peaks intensity of Fe3O4 in the XRD patterns and the average diameters of the Fe3O4 crystalline. The increase of the ferrite plating temperature with pH value around 7.5 benefits the whole encapsulation of T-ZnOw by the Fe3O4 magnetic films. The composites exhibit ferromagnetic properties and show much lower magnetization intensity than bulk samples at the same magnetic field intensity.     

基于选择性激光烧结的结构电路一体化技术研究

为了实现结构电路一体化部件的快速制造,本文提出将增材制造技术与结构电路一体化技术相结合。传统结构电路一体化工艺基于注塑成形技术,成本高、周期长,难以实现快速制造与迭代设计。本文提出基于选择性激光烧结(Selective laser sintering,SLS)技术,开展结构电路一体化的制造工艺研究,该技术具有成型速度快、精度高等特点。尝试以激光烧结方式实现成形,随后进行激光活化和化学镀。试验结果表明可以在成形件表面快速制造出具有优良导电性能的镀铜区域。     

Al—Li合金表面的化学镀镍

介绍了Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金表面化学镀镍的工艺方法，镀层结合力测试以及孔隙率、氯化钠浸泡试验表明，化学镀镍层可能成为Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金这一新型航空航天材料的良好防护层。     

稀土钇提高离子镀TiN膜层与基体结合力的研究

研究了稀土钇不同含量时对离子镀ＴｉＮ膜层与基体结合力的影响．用扫描电镜，俄歇谱仪，Ｘ射线衍射等手段，对加入稀土钇的ＴｉＮ膜层作了分析。结果表明，加适量稀土钇后，ＴｉＮ膜层与基体的结合力大大提高。其微观机制是，加稀土钇后，膜层相组成发生变化，在膜－基之间形成一过渡层，塑性相（Ｔｉ相）增加，脆性相（Ｔｉ２Ｎ）减少，从而减小了膜－基界面间的应力。此外，结果还表明，稀土钇能明显提高镀膜过程中钛料蒸发率，使成膜速率增加，在相同镀膜时间内ＴｉＮ膜层加厚。     

离子镀TiN膜层扩散壁障作用的试验研究

利用离子镀方法在基体与耐热涂层之间予先沉积一层ＴｉＮ膜层，作为扩散壁障（中间阻挡层），进行了高温阻扩散试验研究，并应用光镜、电镜、Ｘ射线衍射仪及电子探针等手段对试样氧化区域进行了分析。结果表明，有ＴｉＮ中间层试样、其高温抗氧化性明显提高，ＴｉＮ层在一定温度范围内有良好的稳定性和阻扩散作用；在本试验范围内，ＴｉＮ中间层厚度增加阻扩散效果增强。     

Crack monitoring method based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential technique for metal structure

Advanced crack monitoring technique is the cornerstone of aircraft structural health monitoring.To achieve real-time crack monitoring of aircraft metal structures in the course of service,a new crack monitoring method is proposed based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential difference principle.Firstly,insulation treatment process was used to prepare a dielectric layer on structural substrate,such as an anodizing layer on 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate,and then a Cu coating crack monitoring sensor was deposited on the structure fatigue critical parts by pulsed bias arc ion plating technology.Secondly,the damage consistency of the Cu coating sensor and2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate was investigated by static tensile experiment and fatigue test.The results show that strain values of the coating sensor and the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate measured by strain gauges are highly coincident in static tensile experiment and the sensor has excellent fatigue damage consistency with the substrate.Thirdly,the fatigue performance discrepancy between samples with the coating sensor and original samples was investigated.The result shows that there is no obvious negative influence on the fatigue performance of the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy after preparing the Cu coating sensor on its surface.Finally,crack monitoring experiment was carried out with the Cu coating sensor.The experimental results indicate that the sensor is sensitive to crack,and crack origination and propagation can be monitored effectively through analyzing the change of electrical potential values of the coating sensor.     

纳米Ni、Ni-P、Ni-B粒子制备及催化AP热分解的研究

采用改进的化学镀镍方法,制备了纯度较高的纳米Ni、Ni-P及Ni-B粒子。运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-ray射线衍射(XRD)方法对纳米粒子的物相、组织形貌和粒度进行了表征,并通过TG-DTA热分析实验,研究了制备的纳米粒子对AP热分解过程的催化影响。结果表明,纳米Ni粒子为面心立方晶体,呈现球形且平均粒径为60 nm左右;纳米Ni-P、Ni-B粒子为非晶合金,粒子呈现松散的聚集状态,形状不规则,粒径分布分别为10~80 nm和30~50 nm。制备的纳米粒子对AP低温和高温热分解反应均有促进作用,对高温分解的催化效果更明显,而Ni-B粒子的催化效果最为显著。加入质量分数为5%的Ni或Ni-P粒子,能将AP的高温热分解峰温分别降低53℃或80℃左右;而加入质量分数为5%的Ni-B粒子,能将AP的高温热分解峰提前125℃左右,与其在321.68℃的低温热分解峰重合,并使得整体热分解在368.33℃时就完全结束。     

多巴胺修饰法镀银玻璃微球的表征及其在导电硅橡胶中的应用

通过多巴胺修饰对玻璃微球的预处理和银的还原反应,批量制备了镀银玻璃微球(SiO_2/PDA/Ag),进行了X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试。结果表明,镀银玻璃微球的银含量稳定,表面银层均匀、连续、致密。与国外进口镀银玻璃微球的SEM对比实验显示,镀银玻璃微球表面粗糙度更大,有利于达到逾渗效应。镀银玻璃微球在甲基乙烯基硅橡胶中的应用实验结果显示,镀银玻璃微球在经过混炼后银层保持完好,在硅橡胶中分散均匀且黏结紧密。使用镀银玻璃微球制备的导电硅橡胶的力学和电学性能显示,拉伸强度为2.54 MPa,扯断伸长率为122.3%,体积电阻及老化后电阻分别为3.9和9.0 mΩ·cm。