Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies before three major earthquakes by GPS-TEC and GIM-TEC data during 2015–2017

The dual-frequency satellite-based measurements from Global Positioning System (GPS) may provide feasible ways of studying and potentially detecting of earthquake (EQ) related anomalies in the ionosphere. In this paper, GPS based Total Electron Content (TEC) data are studied for three major M?>?7.0 EQs in Nepal and Iran-Iraq border during 2015–2017 by implementing statistical procedures on temporal and spatial scale. Previous studies presented different time interval of pre-seismic ionospheric anomalies, however, this study showed that EQs ionospheric precursors may occur within 10?days. Furthermore, the ionospheric anomalies on the suspected day occurred during UT?=?08:00–12:00?h before the main shock. The Global Ionospheric Map TEC (GIM-TEC) data retrieved over the epicenter of M7.8 (Nepal EQ) showed a significant increase of 6 TECU on April 24, 2015 (one day before the main shock), which is recorded by the ground GPS station data of Islamabad (station lies within the EQ preparation zone). Furthermore, the spatial GIM-TEC result imply significant anomalies over the epicenter during the time interval between UT?=?08:00–12:00?h (LT?=?13:00–17:00). For M7.3 (Nepal EQ), the TEC anomalies were detected on May 10, 2015 (2?days before the event) in the temporal data. The spatial TEC data imply the huge clouds over the epicenter at about UT?=?08:00–12:00?h on May 10, 2015, that may be associated with this EQ in the quiet geomagnetic storm conditions. Similarly, temporal and spatial TEC showed anomaly on November 3, 2017, during UT?=?08:00–12:00 (9?days before the Iran-Iraq border EQ) after implementing the statistical method on it. Conversely, there exists a short-term but low magnitude TEC anomaly synchronized with a geomagnetic storm on November 7–8, 2017 (4 to 5?days prior to M7.3 Iran-Iraq border EQ). The diurnal and hourly GIM-TEC and VTEC data also imply the execution of ionospheric anomalies within 10?days prior to all events. All these positive anomalies in TEC may be due to the existence of a huge energy from the epicenter during the EQ preparation period.     

高效率远距离激光无线能量传输方案设计

为了提高激光传能的电到电转化效率,文章设计了一种激光传能系统,采用相位阵列提高光束接收端光强分布的均匀度同时提高激光发射端与光束接收端之间的瞄准精度,优化了光电池排列设计,增大了光电池对激光束的接收效率及光电转换效率,从而提高了激光传能的电到电转换效率。     

太阳电池阵新型互连片微连接技术探讨

太阳电池阵由多个太阳电池单体串并联组成,焊接部位多,因此电池电路的互连成为其可靠性的制约因素。文章通过分析太阳电池阵新型互连片焊接影响因素,并进行焊接工艺试验验证,摸索出新型互连片的焊接参数,满足太阳电池焊接强度要求,为航天器的长寿命设计提供参考。     

电帘除尘技术的研究现状

微尘作为影响探月工程和火星计划成败的一个因素,已经越来越多地引起人们的重视。而电帘除尘技术作为月球和火星探测有效的除尘技术之一,也得到广泛的关注。文章在调研相关文献的基础上,阐述了目前国外电帘除尘技术的研究现状,提出了开展研究工作的建议,对发展我国电帘除尘技术具有一定的参考意义。     

Study of Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris Effects on the Solar Panels Retrieved from the Space Station “MIR”

A study of micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) long-term effects on solar cell samples of solar panels returned from the space station MIR has been carried out. Five samples from the solar array, which spent over 10 years in space, have been studied with the help of optical microscopes with magnification up to 1000. Craters with dimensions as small as 1m were registered. Additional large impact features were investigated by observing a large number of cells (150) with an optical microscope of small magnification. The aim of the study was to define morphological and statistical characteristics of samples surface damages as well as the extent of surface erosion caused by MMOD impacts. The results of statistical analysis of the data obtained in this study are shown to correlate with the experimental data obtained in the Hubble Telescope solar panel return experiment, and MMOD flux estimations are in good agreement with modern MMOD models. The relative surface area damaged by impacts of small size (1–100m) MMOD particles is estimated to be 0.01%, while the relative surface area of large impact features (greater than 0.1mm) is estimated to be 0.045%.     

国产高模碳纤维/环氧复合材料的太阳电池板热循环适应性研究

国产CCM40J-6K高模碳纤维基板的空间高低温热循环耐受性是决定其是否可以大规模应用于空间太阳电池板的关键因素,必须解决交变热环境下的面板与电池电路的匹配性和长寿命问题。本文以国产CCM40J-6K高模碳纤维/环氧复合材料的太阳电池板为研究对象,开展了热循环环境适应性试验研究,分别从国产和进口碳纤维基板适应高低温交变能力对比、国产碳纤维基板铺设电池电路后适应热环境能力以及电池板在轨寿命等3个方面进行测试试验。结果表明：国产碳纤维CCM40J-6K所构成的电池板综合性能与进口M40JB-6K相当,CCM40J-6K基板与三结砷化镓电池片匹配性良好,国产碳纤维电池板经疲劳热循环后的开路电压和短路电流的变化率分别为0.55%和0.24%,太阳电池片和玻璃盖片外观完好无损,太阳电池电路与基板聚酰亚胺面保持绝缘,且碳纤维表面无脱粘现象。说明国产碳纤维CCM40J-6K能够应用于太阳电池板研制。     

基于均匀化方法的三维编织复合材料等效弹性性能预测

由于三维编织复合材料具有复杂的空间拓扑结构,其力学性能分析通过宏观有限元方法往往因为占用大量的计算机内存而难以实现。从细观结构入手,计算材料的等效弹性模量可大大降低计算量。现建立了等效弹性模量的均匀化列式及有限元求解方法,运用该方法对三维编织复合材料的等效弹性性能进行了预测,并提出了三种单胞模型的周期性边界条件的施加方法。通过该方法得到等效弹性模量与实验结果较为吻合,从而有利于进行下一步的细观应力场计算。     

燃料电池的空间应用技术发展

燃料电池作为高效环保的发电装置,在空间应用上具有极大潜力.本文论述了近年燃料电池的空间应用技术,以求促进相关产业及研究的进一步发展.分别对微重力环境下的水、热管理技术进行了探讨,发现微重力中气流方向及燃料电池布置对电池性能具有显著影响,气流宜以相反方向通入,微重力环境对竖直放置和水平放置(阳极在上或阴极在上)的燃料电池...     

某型双轴涡喷发动机在高空台试车“放炮”故障分析及排除

本文介绍进口流场畸变对发动机稳定性的影响.文章针对某型双轴涡喷发动机在湍流型动态畸变流场条件下压气机喘振放炮的实例,重点分析了该发动机在高空台喘振放炮的原因及其排除故障的方法.增设气动格栅和收敛段整流装置可使进口流场较为均匀,使涡喷发动机在高空台地面进气流场下工作稳定可靠.     

侧向喷流与飞行器三维绕流干扰流场特性的DSMC/EPSM数值模拟

采用DSMC/EPSM混合算法,研究了带有侧向喷流的复杂外形高超声速飞行器稀薄区和连续区三维混合流场的干扰特性。采用一种飞行器物面网格与DSMC计算域网格分别标识的方法,通过判断模拟分子与表面碰撞来完成飞行器物面网格与DSMC计算域网格间的信息传递和信息存贮,对于复杂外形飞行器的精确描述的物面网格不需做进一步处理,直接应用于不依赖于飞行器外形的DSMC计算的通用子程序中。引入碰撞数做为混合参数,对流动区域进行划分,并通过网格中碰撞数的统计和处理,有效地将DSMC和EPSM方法结合在一起。仿真计算了三维复杂外形飞行器带喷流流场压力、热流分布量,飞行器表面气动力、气动力矩和气动热参数,对喷流与高超声速空气绕流相互作用以及它们与物面之间的相互扰动进行了分析,证明了采用的方案和技术的有效性。