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41.
Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for
interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of
electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions
as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory
is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are
bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
42.
研究结构元件之间瞬态辐射过程及特点 ,对于元件温度未知时的瞬态辐射提出了一种有限元计算模型。通过广义边界条件简化了元件互辐射的数学描述 ,最后得到了广义互辐射元。所建模型具有简单、方便、实用和精度高等特点 ,使复杂的互辐射计算化为统一模式 ,并通过试验与实例计算证明其有效性。 相似文献
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46.
带有双层壁扩压器的波瓣喷管混合流场的数值计算 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用三维贴体曲线坐标网格,边界网格加密且正交,在整个计算区域进行全场计算。为避免因波瓣造成的网格强烈的非正交引起解的发散,采用了Chen和Kim修正的k-ε湍流模型及同位网格SIMPLC计算方法,对带有双层壁扩压器的波瓣喷管混合流动进行了数值计算和分析。对波瓣及双层壁,采用大粘性的方法解决流固耦合。计算结果表明:在双层壁间有外界冷气流被引射进入,形成了壁面的冷却气流;自波瓣出口截面沿流向产生的环流速度场,强化了主次流的掺混,速度分布渐趋均匀。计算结果与实验数据符合良好,二者在离开波瓣52 mm的混合管内相对主流速度的最大误差为21.65 %。 相似文献
47.
J. L. Kohl S. Fineschi R. Esser A. Ciaravella S. R. Cranmer L. D. Gardner R. Suleiman G. Noci A. Modigliani 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(1-2):233-236
Ultraviolet emission line profiles have been measured on 15-29 September 1997 for H I 1216 Å, O VI 1032, 1037 Å and Mg X 625 Å in a polar coronal hole, at heliographic heights ? (in solar radii) between 1.34 and 2.0. Observations of H I 1216 Å and the O VI doublet from January 1997 for ? = 1.5 to 3.0 are provided for comparison. Mg X 625 Å is observed to have a narrow component at ? = 1.34 which accounts for only a small fraction of the observed spectral radiance, and a broad component that exists at all observed heights. The widths of O VI broad components are only slightly larger than those for H I at ? = 1.34, but are significantly larger at ? = 1.5 and much larger for ? > 1.75. In contrast, the Mg X values are less than those of H I up to 1.75 and then increase rapidly up to at least ? = 2.0, but never reach the values of O VI. 相似文献
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49.
S. W. Kahler 《Space Science Reviews》2007,129(4):359-390
Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several
acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks
driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s−1. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with
CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the
sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known
several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational
results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus
flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from
flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic
proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events;
electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks
are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares.
Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions
for future work are given. 相似文献
50.
数值研究了涡扇发动机轴对称引射收敛喷管的红外辐射特性.排气系统的流场计算采用商用数值模拟软件,红外辐射特性计算采用自主开发的软件NUAA-IR,计算分析了轴对称收敛喷管和引射收敛喷管在3~5μm波段红外辐射特性以及喷管内不同固体壁面在探测方向上的红外辐射贡献.结果表明:引射收敛喷管的红外抑制作用主要在于引射加强了尾喷流与环境大气的掺混,减小了尾喷流的长度,降低了燃气流的红外辐射;引射收敛喷管对喷管内固体壁面的遮挡以及降温作用很小,只在方位角为20°方向上对内涵壁面、外涵内壁等中低温壁面有效;引射收敛喷管的总积分辐射强度在方位角为0°~15°范围内与收敛喷管几乎相等,在其他方位角范围内均小于收敛喷管,且在方位角为40°方向上降低幅度达到最大,约为34%. 相似文献