A European probe to comet Halley

A European probe to comet Halley is proposed. The probe's model payload consists of 8 scientific instruments, viz. neutral, ion and dust impact mass spectrometers, magnetometer, medium energy ion and electron analyzer, camera, dust impact detectors and plasma wave experiment. Fly-by of the comet Halley nucleus will take place on November 28th, 1985, at about 500 km miss distance. The main spacecraft serves as relay link to transmit the observed data to Earth. As probe, a modified ISEE 2 design is proposed. Because of the cometary dust hazard expected in the coma a heavy dust shield (27 kg) is required, consisting of a thin front sheet and a 3 layer rear sheet. The probe is spin-stabilized (12 rpm), has no active attitude and orbit control capability and uses battery power only to provide about 1000 Wh for a measuring phase. A despun antenna transmits up to 20 kbit/s, in X-band. The total probe mass is estimated at 250 kg. The 3 model development programme should start in mid 1981 with Phase B.     

正电子素的络合作用

本文介绍了正电子素及其络合作用。讨论了正电子素络合反应速度常数的测量方法。比较了几种线性自由能的表达式。     

METHIS: Mercury thermal infrared spectrometer

The BepiColombo mission to Mercury is devoted to the thorough exploration of Mercury and its environment, with the aim to understand the processes of planetary formation and evolution in the hottest part of the protoplanetary nebula. This mission represents an unique opportunity for the European community to extend the understanding of the Solar Nebula evolution from its outer edge – ideally represented by comets – to its inner and warmer edge. Obviously this exploration asks for a detailed knowledge of the main constituents of the matter present in the different Solar System areas. Spectroscopy is a powerful tool to acquire this knowledge. We have participated with a large consortium of European researchers to the development of the Rosetta imaging spectrometer. We propose here to use our experience to develop a newly designed spectrometer to investigate the mineralogical composition of the Mercurial surface. Given the particular thermodynamical situation of the Mercurial surface, we have developed a concept that combines a medium IR low spectral resolution imager with a moderate spectral resolution NIR point spectrometer. The main goal of METHIS is to provide the mineralogical characterisation of the surface with sufficient spectral resolution in a scientifically diagnostic spectral range.     

Future X-ray astronomy missions of Japan

Japanese future space programs for high energy astrophysics are presented. The Astro-E2 mission which is the recovery mission of the lost Astro-E has been approved and now scheduled to be put in orbit in early 2005. The design of the whole spacecraft remains the same as that of Astro-E, except for some improvements in the scientific instruments. In spite of the five years of delay, Astro-E2 is still powerful and timely X-ray mission, because of the high energy resolution spectroscopy (FWHM 6 eV in 0.3–10 keV) and high-sensitivity wide-band spectroscopy (0.3–600 keV). The NeXT (New X-ray Telescope) mission, which we propose to have around 2010, succeeds and extends the science which Astro-E2 will open. It will carry five or six sets of X-ray telescopes which utilize super-mirror technology to enable hard X-ray imaging up to 60–80 keV. In mid-2010s, we would participate in the European XEUS mission, which explores the early (z>5) “hot” universe.     

从计算机系统角度分析软件可靠性

从硬／软件综合的角度对计算机进行可靠性研究具有非常重要的意义。本文作者对硬、软件相互作用进行了明确的划分和定义。并指出，是现行的软件可靠性黑箱分析方法禁锢了人们从更深层次对于硬／软件系统可靠性进行研究。基于上述认识，本文提出了解决软件分解单元之间耦合问题的办法。进而提出了一种新的软件可靠性分析方法，为对计算机系统进行可靠性分析时，考虑硬、软件之间的复杂的相关作用提供了基础，从而为更准确地评估计算机系统的可靠性提供了可能。文中分析了一个飞行控制系统实例。     

基于马尔科夫再生过程分析阶段任务系统的可靠性

分析阶段任务系统（PMS）的可靠性是一项重要的工作。为了方便分析大部分已有的分析方法都假设阶段持续时间是确定的或者阶段内过程是齐次马尔科夫过程，这些方法不能够分析实际存在的大量一般的PMS。为此本文研究具有随机分布的阶段持续时间和阶段内过程是马尔科夫再生过程（MRGP）的一般PMS的可靠性分析。由于引入MRGP，一般PMS的阶段内活动可以是指数，确定或者其他一般分布。本文首先给出了一个实际有效的5元组模型框架来刻画该类PMS的动态行为，然后利用已有的MRGP分析方法，说明了阶段内条件瞬时状态占有概率矩阵的计算方法。为了避免为整个PMS构造一个巨大的MRGP，在假设阶段边界允许记忆丢失的条件下，本文给出了一个系统可靠性的有效计算方法，该计算方法是两步的分治方法，首先对每个阶段内的MRGP进行分析，然后利用分析结果通过矩阵乘获得系统的可靠度。通过本文给出的方法可以有效的分析一般PMS的可靠性。     

任务可靠度的估算分析

飞机设计工作中一项十分重要的任务是产品可靠性设计，本文回顾了任务可靠性的基本概念，给出了能够确定飞机完成任务可能性的任务可靠度的估算方法。在此基础上，为说明任务可靠度估算的实际过程，本文最后对某型飞机电传控制系统任务可靠度进行了分析，并给出了分析结论。     

国产歼击机动力装置的定寿、延寿研究

寿命属于可靠性范畴，应纳入可靠性研究范围，用可靠性理论去指导研究。对航空发动机定寿程序及方法作了研究。根据我国的实际情况，对歼击机发动机定寿程序及方法提出了见解。     

SMESE: A French-China Joint Solar Mission

SMESE (SMall Explorer For the study of Solar Eruptions) is a Franco-Chinese Microsatellite mission. The scientific objectives of SMESE are the study of coronal mass ejections and flares. Its payload consists of three instrument packages: LYOT, DESIR and HEBS. LYOT is com-posed of a Ly-α (121.6 nm) coronagraph, a Ly-α disk imager and a far UV disk imager. DESIR is an infrared telescope working at 35μm and 150μm. HEBS is a high energy burst spectrometer working in X-rays and γ-rays covering the 10keV to 600 MeV range. SMESE will be launched around 2011, providing a unique opportunity of detecting and understanding eruptions at the maximum activity phase of the solar cycle in a wide range of energies.     

从大学英语写作测试到写作教学的思考

写作测试在大学英语测试中一直具有重要的地位和作用，有效地检验和反映了学生语言应用能力。通过分析大学英语测试中写作测试的得分现状，指出英语写作一直是大学英语教学中的薄弱环节；根据学生习作实例归纳出主要问题：结合教学经验和实践，从多方面分析了具体原因，总结出基础训练结合系统训练的指导思想，并提出分化整合、循序渐进的英语写作教学方法。