军用运输机运输效能指标

给出了运输任务类型和运输效能定义,从效果与耗费两方面着手建立了运输效能指标体系,将运输效能归纳为安全性、质量或体积、距离、准确性、时间、场地、人员、设备及费用等9种因素,在确立各个因素运输效能单项指标的基础上提出了一种运输效能综合指标,以四种典型运输任务为例,建立了常用的运输效能指标。     

Laboratory calibration measurements of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate cosmic dust detector at low velocities

A cosmic dust monitor for use onboard a spacecraft is currently being developed using a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate element (PZT). Its characteristics of the PZT sensor is studied by ground-based laboratory impact experiments using hypervelocity particles supplied by a Van de Graaff accelerator. The output signals obtained from the sensor just after the impact appeared to have a waveform that was explicitly related to the particle’s impact velocity. For velocities less than ∼6 km/s, the signal showed an oscillation pattern and the amplitude was proportional to the momentum of the impacting particle. For higher velocities, the signal gradually changed to a single waveform. The rise time of this single waveform was proportional to the particle’s velocity for velocities above ∼6 km/s. The present paper reports on results for the low velocity case and especially discusses the effect of an outer coating of the sensor with a paint, which is used to reduce heating by solar radiation.     

基于能量法的超声速飞航导弹/冲压发动机一体化研究

参考飞机/发动机一体化设计的思路,建立了基于能量法的超声速飞航导弹/冲压发动机一体化设计的约束分析和任务分析模型.简述了超声速飞航导弹任务剖面、约束条件的给定、导弹的质量组成以及冲压发动机安装模型.利用高超声速飞行器的升阻特性,对超声速飞航导弹的升阻特性进行了预测.分析了冲压发动机性能、导弹升阻比对导弹发射总重的影响.约束分析和任务分析的计算结果表明,所建立的一体化约束分析与任务分析模型是合理可行的.     

Novel closed-loop approaches for precise relative navigation of widely separated GPS receivers in LEO

This paper deals with the relative navigation of a formation of two spacecrafts separated by hundreds of kilometers based on processing dual-frequency differential carrier-phase GPS measurements. Specific requirements of the considered application are high relative positioning accuracy and real-time on board implementation. These can be conflicting requirements. Indeed, if on one hand high accuracy can be achieved by exploiting the integer nature of double-difference carrier-phase ambiguities, on the other hand the presence of large ephemeris errors and differential ionospheric delays makes the integer ambiguities determination challenging. Closed-loop schemes, which update the relative position estimates of a dynamic filter with feedback from integer ambiguities fixing algorithms, are customarily employed in these cases. This paper further elaborates such approaches, proposing novel closed loop techniques aimed at overcoming some of the limitations of traditional algorithms. They extend techniques developed for spaceborne long baseline relative positioning by making use of an on-the-fly ambiguity resolution technique especially developed for the applications of interest. Such techniques blend together ionospheric delay compensation techniques, nonlinear models of relative spacecraft dynamics, and partial integer validation techniques. The approaches are validated using flight data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Performance is compared to that of the traditional closed-loop scheme analyzing the capability of each scheme to maximize the percentage of correctly fixed integer ambiguities as well as the relative positioning accuracy. Results show that the proposed approach substantially improves performance of the traditional approaches. More specifically, centimeter-level root-mean square relative positioning is feasible for spacecraft separations of more than 260 km, and an integer ambiguity fixing performance as high as 98% is achieved in a 1-day long dataset. Results also show that approaches exploiting ionospheric delay models are more robust and precise of approaches relying on ionospheric-delay removal techniques.     

Comparison of the magnetic field before the subsolar magnetopause with the magnetic field in the solar wind before the bow shock

Crossings of the magnetopause near the subsolar point are analyzed using data of THEMIS mission. Variations of the magnetic field near magnetopause measured by one of THEMIS satellites are studied and compared with simultaneous measurements in the solar wind by another THEMIS satellite. The time delay of the solar wind arrival at the subsolar point of the magnetopause is taken into account. 30 and 90 s averaging of the magnetic field in the magnetosheath is produced. The results of averaging are compared with the results of measurements in the solar wind before the bow shock and foreshock. It is shown, that _Bx$B_x$ component of the magnetic field near magnetopause is near to zero, which supports the possibility to consider the magnetopause as the tangential discontinuity. Comparatively good correlation of _By$B_y$ component in the solar wind and near the magnetopause is observed. The correlation of _Bz$B_z$ component near the magnetopause and IMF is practically absent, the sign of the _Bz$B_z$ near the subsolar point does not coincide with the sign of IMF _Bz$B_z$ in ∼$\sim$30% cases.     

脉冲推力轨道拦截可达性描述及求解方法

针对航天器单脉冲轨道拦截可达性分析问题,基于共面变轨、逆轨拦截假设,考虑能量、时间和交会角约束,提出了拦截航天器可拦截区和可发射区的概念。在航天器单脉冲空间可达范围的基础上,进一步考虑了目标轨道的约束,建立了目标轨道命中区的计算策略,对异面轨道交叉点为燃料最省点做出了解释。把拦截可达性相关的问题归纳为8个基本拦截问题,通过这8个问题的组合,描述了考虑能量、时间和交会角约束下拦截问题的可拦截区和可发射区的计算方法。采用圆轨道共面变轨、逆轨拦截场景进行了仿真验证,结果表明该方法能够快速有效地计算出约束条件下航天器的拦截可达范围,能够用于分析特定任务情况下的拦截可达性。     

深空卫星重力测量计划研究综述

地球卫星重力测量计划CHAMP(CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload)、GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)、GOCE(Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer)和月球卫星重力测量计划(Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory,GRAIL)的成功实施,以及下一代地球重力卫星(GRACE Follow-On)的即将发射昭示着我们将迎来一个前所未有的高精度和高空间分辨的深空卫星重力探测时代。围绕深空卫星重力测量的研究背景、必要性、可行性、卫星重力反演软件平台构建、轨道摄动和未来研究方向开展了研究论证。研究表明:深空卫星重力测量作为新世纪重力探测技术,在精化量体重力场、提高惯性导航精度、天体动力学、天体物理学和军事技术的研究,以及促进国民经济发展和提高社会效益等方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

A fatigue damage-cumulative model in peridynamics

While the present structural integrity evaluation method is based on the philosophy of assumed similitude, Fatigue and Damage Tolerance (F&DT) evaluations for next generation of air-vehicles require high-fidelity physical models within cyberspace. To serve the needs of F&DT evaluation in digital twin paradigm, a fatigue damage-cumulative model within peridynamic framework is proposed in this paper. Based on the concept of fatigue element block and damage accumulation law in form of Coffin-Manson relationship, the proposed model applies to both fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth; fatigue crack growth rates under constant-amplitude and simple variable-amplitude block loading cases can be well predicted for three common structural materials without inputs of Paris law parameters. Additionally, the proposed model can also be easily extended to a probabilistic version; for verification, multiple-site-damage problems are simulated and the statistic nature of fatigue process in experiments can be well captured. In the end, main features of the proposed model are summarized, and distinctions from the other models are discussed. There may be a potential for the peridynamic damage-cumulative model proposed in this work to numerically predict fatigue problems in digital twin paradigm for future generations of aerospace vehicles.     

在轨维护与服务体系研究

在梳理在轨维护与服务主要任务、关键技术及相应指标需求的基础上,总结出了在轨维护与服务的任务体系、技术体系和指标体系,提出了下一步技术发展重点建议。     

概率空间中随机变量序列的一类收敛性问题

作为测度论应用到概率论的一个例子,论述了概率空间中随机变量序列几乎处处收敛和依概率收敛并给出了几个等价命题;研究了随机变量序列的收敛性之间的关系,并给出了证明;探讨了Cauchy基本序列的性质,并作了进一步研究.