Digital signal processing and numerical analysis for radar in geophysical applications

Numerical solutions for signal processing are described in this work as a contribution to study of echo detection methods for ionospheric sounder design. The ionospheric sounder is a high frequency radar for geophysical applications. The main detection approach has been done by implementing the spread-spectrum techniques using coding methods to improve the radar’s range resolution by transmitting low power. Digital signal processing has been performed and the numerical methods were checked. An algorithm was proposed and its computational complexity was calculated.     

Systematic examination of the geomagnetic storm sudden commencement using multi resolution analysis

Geomagnetic storm sudden commencements (SSC) contain a wealth of information which is useful in many applications. It is important to point out that the SSCs used in this study are sampled at the rate of one sample per second in order get use of such high resolution data. In this paper, two studies are made on the geomagnetic SSC and an SSC onset automatic detection algorithm is introduced. The first study is about finding the relationship between the SSC rise time and its amplitude. Where it is found that there is a positive correlation between the amplitude and the amplitude gradient which is the amplitude divided by rise time. The second study is checking the spectrum of the SSC, starting from its onset until the end of the SSC rise time. This check had proved that the SSC contains both low and high frequency regions. This led us to introduce a new term, namely the SSC variation rate (VR). This VR is defined as the maximum rate of change of the field in the higher-frequency region of the SSC. These two studies were the guide to build an SSC automatic detector of one sample per second data using multi resolution analysis (MRA) of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The data set contains 134 SSCs with different VRs that were collected from the Circum-pan Pacific Magnetometer Network (CPMN). It is found that the standard deviation of the detection error is 41 s and that the average error is 9 s. From the calculated error distribution function, it is found that the detection error is within the range of −1.5 to 3 min. The detection process, as will be shown in the article, takes 70 s for one station and 3 min if the decision is related to the detection(s) of other stations. These results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over other algorithms in which the detection error ranges between −8 and 5 min and the detection process takes 2–10 min. In addition to being faster and more accurate than the other algorithms, the proposed algorithm is the first algorithm that automatically detects the SSC onset times from high-resolution data unlike previous studies that focused on determining the SSC times automatically using one-minute resolution data.     

星载全球大气波动成像仪研究

在卫星上对中间层顶区域的气辉辐射成像观测, 对于全球大气波动的监测和研究具有重要的意义. 利用TDICCD对O₂A (0-0)气辉进行成像观测, 计算了曝光积分时间、信噪比和能达到的最高空间分辨率, 分析了地球自转对空间分辨率的影响, 在此基础上提出一种星载全球大气波动成像仪方案, 该方案可以观测垂直波长大于10km的大气波动, 最高水平分辨率可以达到0.33km.      

空间色噪声下信号频域检测方法性能分析

水下小孔径阵列的应用环境是色噪声环境,针对超增益波束形成方法在色噪声环境下噪声协方差矩阵估计偏差使阵列空间增益不能达到最大的问题,提出了一种频域超增益波束形成方法(FSD, Super-Directive beamforming in Frequency domain),该方法将宽带接收数据分成多个子带,在每个子带内分别估计噪声协方差矩阵,降低了噪声协方差矩阵的估计偏差,并使用估计得到的噪声协方差矩阵对接收数据解相关.最后使用空间谱检测器检测微弱目标信号.实测噪声数据的仿真结果表明,空间有色噪声环境中FSD方法的检测性能优于传统的时域超增益波束形成方法(TSD, Super-Directive beamforming in Time domain)2 dB,优于频域最小方差无畸变响应(FMVDR, Minimum Variance Distortionless Response in Frequency domain)波束形成方法2 dB.     

深空自主导航光学敏感器及其验证

利用光学导航敏感器进行深空自主导航在国际上已成为一种发展趋势,这种方法具有自主性强、精度高、节约成本等优点,且距离地球越远越显优势.在国内首次开展了用于深空巡航段的自主光学导航敏感器设计研制和验证工作,所研制的光学导航敏感器原型样机设计技术指标为:焦距953.8mm,视场角0.8°×0.8°,探测极限灵敏度12Mv,测量精度0.5″(1σ),动态范围100∶1.试验室测试和外场观星试验的结果表明,测量精度达到0.5″(1σ),探测极限灵敏度达到12.5Mv,技术指标全部满足要求.     

基于RBF带学习能力高精度非线性FDD设计

在轨航天器故障检测与诊断问题需要面对模型的非线性,而且要求尽量提高其检测的精度,为此设计了基于径向基函数（RBF）神经网络的动量轮非线性故障检测与诊断（FDD）方案。首先应用RBF补偿建模误差,提高检测精度,并选择李雅普诺夫函数证明其收敛性;然后应用非线性观测器来产生故障残差,给出了阈值以及故障检测的时间;应用RBF网络对故障信号进行重构,并据此设计了带学习能力的FDD策略。再次建立了详细的动量轮模型,通过不同条件下的仿真研究分别验证残差的阈值特性、时间特性以及RBF的重构能力,仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

大气闪烁对近似无衍射激光通信系统的影响

在近似无衍射激光通信系统中,大气湍流的作用导致接收端光强起伏不定,这将对通信系统的误码率产生影响.以光强起伏的概率分布为基础,忽略系统中的其他噪声,推导出折射率结构常数、通信距离和激光波长等影响因素与误码率的关系式.通过计算机模拟,研究了误码率随折射率结构常数的变化规律,讨论了一定湍流强度下通信距离和激光波长对误码率的影响,并以10-9为误码率标准,确定了通信距离的允许范围.结果表明,合理地选择天气和日照条件、减小通信距离以及选择长波长的激光器可以减弱大气湍流对误码率的影响.      

基于黎曼距离的编队飞行卫星姿态控制系统故障检测数据优选方法

为突破星上资源的严苛约束、提升编队飞行卫星故障检测能力,提出了一种适用于编队飞行卫星姿态控制系统的故障检测数据优选方法,通过利用黎曼距离衡量无故障情况和故障情况下系统测量信息之间的差距,构建了编队飞行卫星姿态控制系统故障检测能力的评价指标。在此基础上,提出了故障检测数据优选方法,为系统输出信息结构优化提供了理论依据。仿真表明,所提出的方法能够在星上资源受限的情况下有效提升编队飞行卫星姿态控制系统的故障检测能力。     

基于CCFHTLS算法的异步电动机转子故障检测

定子电流经低通滤波器处理后产生高斯有色噪声,限制了异步电机转子故障检测算法的辨识精度。针对该问题,提出一种抑制高斯有色噪声的异步电机故障检测技术。首先对采集到的定子电流进行预处理,利用逆同步旋转变换剔除基波,避免了直接检测时基波对故障辨识精度的影响。然后利用互相关函数(CCF)处理技术对高斯有色噪声的抑制作用,提出基于CCFHTLS算法的电机转子故障诊断技术。针对异步电机转子断条和偏心故障的识别进行试验,结果表明CCFHTLS算法可以有效抑制高斯有色噪声,并保留故障有用信息,显著地提高了故障检测的分辨率。