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151.
This paper studies the response of the middle atmosphere to the 11-year solar cycle. The study is based on numerical simulations
with the Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), a chemistry climate model that resolves the atmosphere
from the Earth’s surface up to about 250 km. Results presented here are obtained in two multi-year time-slice runs for solar
maximum and minimum conditions, respectively. The magnitude of the simulated annual and zonal mean stratospheric response
in temperature and ozone corresponds well to observations. The dynamical model response is studied for northern hemisphere
winter. Here, the zonal mean wind change differs substantially from observations. The statistical significance of the model’s
dynamical response is, however, poor for most regions of the atmosphere. Finally, we discuss several issues that render the
evaluation of model results with available analyses of observational data of the stratosphere and mesosphere difficult. This
includes the possibility that the atmospheric response to solar variability may depend strongly on longitude. 相似文献
152.
Satellite Measurements of Middle Atmospheric Impacts by Solar Proton Events in Solar Cycle 23 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. H. Jackman M. T. Deland G. J. Labow E. L. Fleming M. López-Puertas 《Space Science Reviews》2006,125(1-4):381-391
Solar cycle 23 was extremely active with seven of the largest twelve solar proton events (SPEs) in the past forty years recorded.
These events caused significant polar middle atmospheric changes that were observed by a number of satellites. The highly
energetic protons produced ionizations, excitations, dissociations, and dissociative ionizations of the background constituents
in the polar cap regions (>60 degrees geomagnetic latitude), which led to the production of HOx (H, OH, HO2) and NOy (N, NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5, HNO3, HO2NO2, BrONO2, ClONO2). The HOx increases led to short-lived ozone decreases in the polar mesosphere and upper stratosphere due to the short lifetimes of
the HOx constituents. Polar middle mesospheric ozone decreases greater than 50 % were observed and computed to last for hours to
days due to the enhanced HOx. The NOy increases led to long-lived polar stratospheric ozone changes because of the long lifetime of the NOy family in this region. Upper stratospheric ozone decreases of >10 % were computed to last for several months past the solar
events in the winter polar regions because of the enhanced NOy. 相似文献
153.
本文主要从理论和实践两个方面,论述立足于四、六级考试,如何科学指导学生进行阅读,提高阅读理解能力。 相似文献
154.
Neural network development for the forecasting of upper atmosphere parameter distributions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeffrey D. Martin Yu T. Morton Qihou Zhou 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2005,36(12):2480-2485
This paper presents a neural network modeling approach to forecast electron concentration distributions in the 150–600 km altitude range above Arecibo, Puerto Rico. The neural network was trained using incoherent scatter radar data collected at the Arecibo Observatory during the past two decades, as well as the Kp geomagnetic index provided by the National Space Science Data Center. The data set covered nearly two solar cycles, allowing the neural network to model daily, seasonal, and solar cycle variations of upper atmospheric parameter distributions. Two types of neural network architectures, feedforward and Elman recurrent, are used in this study. Topics discussed include the network design, training strategy, data analysis, as well as preliminary testing results of the networks on electron concentration distributions. 相似文献
155.
为了分析不同探测方式下地气光辐射对空间目标成像特性的影响,利用卫星仿真工具包(satellite tool kit,STK)设计了一个以地球同步轨道(geosynchronous orbit,GEO)卫星与中轨道(medium orbit,MEO)卫星上搭载的可见光成像器为探测平台,以高椭圆轨道(highly elli... 相似文献
156.
利用一维光化、辐射耦合模式研究了人为活动所排放出的废弃物CH4、N2O和CO2含量增加对高平流层,中间层大气的影响。结果指出,对流层中这些气体增加一倍将导致上中层大气水汽、O3和温度的明显变化。CO2含量增加将使上中层温度降低约10K;而CH4含量的加倍不仅使中层顶附近水汽含量增加50%以上,也使其温度有更明显的下降,这将更有利于於光云的形成。 相似文献
157.
通过风洞实验研究了北京体育中心游泳馆曲面形状的屋顶在各种不同风向角下的平均风压分布。实验结果表明:在一定风向角下,屋檐附近或屋脊上的局部区域出现的平均风压系数在均匀气流和大气边界层气流中可分别达-3.0和-2.0以上。 相似文献
158.
本文分析了1987年6月23日至29日MAC/SINE国际联合观测期间SOUSYVHF雷达在Andφya探测中层大气风场起伏的功率谱.结果显示,垂直速度谱与重力波谱理论有较大差异.引入背景风场Doppler漂移并不能完全解释垂直运动谱与重力波谱理论的偏差,背景风场的影响明显小于理论预测的结果,说明大气运动功率谱成分中除了重力波外可能还有其它因素. 相似文献
159.
In this paper advances on study of middle and upper atmosphere and their cou pling with lower atmosphere in China in recent two years are briefly reviewed.This review emphasized three aspects, ie. (1) analysis and observation of mid and upper atmosphere over China; (2) theoretical and modelling study of grav ity wave activities in middle atmosphere and their relation to lower atmospheric processes; (3) coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere. 相似文献
160.