损耗大气中惯性重力波的非线性相互作用方程及其初步讨论

根据弱相互作用理论,本文建立了损耗大气中极性重力波的非线性相互作用方程。这组方程在三个方面推广了前人的工作:考虑了波的空间传播;包含了粘滞产生的衰减;波谱可以是连续的。粘滞衰减率的大小与波的空间尺度以及传播方向有关。Coriolis力的引入使相互作用系数成为复量。根据这组方程,考察了惯性重力波的参量激发。结果表明:在共振条件满足时,主波存在一个阈值,阈值大小与次级波的损耗率成正比。当主波振幅大于这个阈值时,次级波将指数增长。在相互作用过程中,次级波的频率将发生变化,变化的大小与主波能量成正比。      

Effect of Martian atmosphere on aerodynamic performance of supersonic parachute two-body systems

Supersonic flows around parachute two-body systems are numerically investigated by solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. In the present study, both rigid and flexible parachute models are considered, which comprise a capsule and a canopy. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of the Martian atmosphere on the unsteady flows produced by these parachute two-body models and the structural behavior of the flexible canopy. It was found that in the Martian atmosph...     

惯性+星光折射定位组合导航技术研究

由于现有惯性器件精度水平有限,纯惯性导航误差较大,因此需要采用组合导航的方式来提高导航精度.目前,全自主组合导航方式中传统的惯性+星光定姿组合导航方法只能实现定姿,不能实现定位,无法修正加速度表测量误差引起的惯性导航误差,故在精度上可提升空间有限.为此,提出了一种惯性+星光折射定位组合导航方法,重点从星光折射定位原理、...     

对流层大气折射误差的微波辐射计修正

目前,雷达的目标跟踪定位、卫星的测控定轨等对大气折射误差高精度修正的要求越来越高。针对传统大气折射误差修正方法的成本高、实时性差等问题,研究利用对水汽和液态水含量敏感的双通道微波辐射计测得的辐射亮温来反演大气折射率的方法。对微波辐射计的反演结果和探空数据的结果进行比较,计算不同海拔高度上反演的平均偏差和均方差,发现利用微波辐射计反演得到的折射率剖面与探空值吻合较好,验证了此方法的可行性。同时介绍了微波辐射计新的定标方法和微波辐射计对于水平不均匀大气的折射误差修正方法。     

Comparison of methods for the determination of key reactions in chemical systems: Application to Titan’s atmosphere

A new paradigm is emerging in the field of photochemistry modeling in giant planets and Titan atmospheres. The emphasis is placed on the accurate predictions of the models and the quantification of their uncertainties. In order to improve photochemical models predictions, it is necessary to identify in chemical schemes the key reactions that should be studied in priority at conditions relevant to planetary atmospheres.     

月球大气分子逃逸率的计算

文章从理论上计算了月球大气分子的逃逸率,解释了月球大气稀薄的原因。根据月岩和月壤放出的气体量与逃逸的气体量达到动态平衡的假定,说明了月球上大气密度昼夜的差异。     

航空发动机在高空台上模拟标准大气条件试验的性能研究

通过两种型号航空发动机在高空台上的H=0、M=0试验，研究了不同环境压力对发动机地面试验性能的影响。试验结果表明，对研究的发动机地面试验而言，当发动机风扇换算转速在93％-96％时，环境压力在70～90kPa之间得到的地面换算性能基本一致。即对研究的两种型号发动机H=0、M=0试验来说，可以通过70kPa环境压力下的地面试验来确定发动机在标准大气海平面静止条件下的性能。     

基于标准k-ε模型的平衡大气边界层模拟

基于标准k-ε模型和FLUENT软件,采用适当的平均风和湍流特征量入口条件,同时在壁面处采用修正壁面函数边界条件,进行空流场的平衡大气边界层模拟.将流场中不同位置处的平均风廓线、湍动能及其粘性耗散等流动特征量的廓线进行对比.结果表明,采用标准k-ε模型结合修正壁面函数对气流流经粗糙度相同的壁面时,不同位置处流动特征量的廓线吻合程度均较高.研究提出对建筑绕流等问题模拟之前需进行空流场的平衡性进行分析,另对文中尚未解决的问题进行讨论并提出解决思路.     

风对弹射座椅救生性能的影响

 针对某型弹射座椅建立了考虑风速的弹射过程动力学模型。选取不同风速风向和不同弹射速度作为计算状态,对弹射救生过程进行数值仿真,根据仿真结果分析风对弹射座椅救生性能的影响。通过在低速和中速两个弹射速度下,前向风、侧向风和大气垂直运动对弹射座椅救生性能影响的分析可知:较大的逆风不但会降低伞衣充满的轨迹高度,而且会产生人伞系统的振荡和摇摆,对安全救生存在一定的影响;大气的垂直运动对弹射救生系统的救生性能影响最大,它直接影响到救生系统的纵向运动轨迹。研究结果表明:前向风、侧向风和大气垂直运动均会对弹射座椅的救生性能产生不利影响,在真实的弹射过程中必须考虑风速对弹射救生性能的影响。     

Ionospheric response to solar and magnetospheric protons during January 15–22, 2005: EAGLE whole atmosphere model results

We present an analysis of the ionosphere and thermosphere response to Solar Proton Events (SPE) and magnetospheric proton precipitation in January 2005, which was carried out using the model of the entire atmosphere EAGLE. The ionization rates for the considered period were acquired from the AIMOS (Atmospheric Ionization Module Osnabrück) dataset. For numerical experiments, we applied only the proton-induced ionization rates of that period, while all the other model input parameters, including the electron precipitations, corresponded to the quiet conditions. In January 2005, two major solar proton events with different energy spectra and proton fluxes occurred on January 17 and January 20. Since two geomagnetic storms and several sub-storms took place during the considered period, not only solar protons but also less energetic magnetospheric protons contributed to the calculated ionization rates. Despite the relative transparency of the thermosphere for high-energy protons, an ionospheric response to the SPE and proton precipitation from the magnetotail was obtained in numerical experiments. In the ionospheric E layer, the maximum increase in the electron concentration is localized at high latitudes, and at heights of the ionospheric F2 layer, the positive perturbations were formed in the near-equatorial region. An analysis of the model-derived results showed that changes in the ionospheric F2 layer were caused by a change in the neutral composition of the thermosphere. We found that in the recovery phase after both solar proton events and the enhancement of magnetospheric proton precipitations associated with geomagnetic disturbances, the TEC and electron density in the F region and in topside ionosphere/plasmasphere increase at low- and mid-latitudes due to an enhancement of atomic oxygen concentration. Our results demonstrate an important role of magnetospheric protons in the formation of negative F-region ionospheric storms. According to our results, the topside ionosphere/plasmasphere and bottom-side ionosphere can react to solar and magnetospheric protons both with the same sign of disturbances or in different way. The same statement is true for TEC and foF2 disturbances. Different disturbances of foF2 and TEC at high and low latitudes can be explained by topside electron temperature disturbances.