Precise orbit determination and baseline consistency assessment for Swarm constellation

Precise orbit determination (POD) and precise baseline determination (PBD) of Swarm satellites with 4 years of data are investigated. Ambiguity resolution (AR) plays a crucial role in achieving the best orbit accuracy. Swarm POD and PBD based on single difference (SD) AR and traditional double difference (DD) AR methods are explored separately. Swarm antenna phase center variation (PCV) corrections are developed to further improve the orbit determination accuracy. The code multipath of C1C, C1W and C2W observations is first evaluated and clear variations in code noise related to different receiver settings are observed. Carrier phase residuals of different time periods and different loop tracking settings of receiver are studied to explore the effect of ionospheric scintillation on POD. The reduction of residuals in the polar and geomagnetic equator regions confirms the positive impact of the updated carrier tracking loops (TLs) on POD performance. The SD AR orbits and orbits with float ambiguity (FA) are compared with the Swarm precise science orbits (PSOs). An average improvement of 27 %, 4 % and 16 % is gained in along-track, cross-track and radial directions by fixing the ambiguity to integer. For Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C formations, specific days are selected to perform the DD AR-based POD during which the average distance of the formation satellites is less than 5000 km. Satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations are employed to validate the performance of FA, SD AR and DD AR orbits. The consistency between the SD AR orbits and SLR data is at a level of 10 mm which shows an improvement of 25 % when comparing with the FA results. An SLR residuals reduction of 15 % is also achieved by the DD AR solution for the selected days. Precise relative navigation is also an essential aspect for spacecraft formation flying missions. The closure error method is proposed to evaluate the baseline precision in three dimensions. A baseline precision of 1–3 mm for Swarm-A/C formation and 3–5 mm for Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C satellite pairs is verified by both the consistency check and closure error method.     

Comprehensive performance review of BDS-3 after one-year official operation

On July 31, 2020, the third generation BeiDou Global Satellite Navigation System (BDS-3) was officially put into service. Here we first reviewed the development history of BDS-3, and described the status of BDS-3 constellation, satellite signals, and ground tracking network. Then we expounded the 10 innovations in which BDS-3 differs from the other global satellite navigation systems. In addition, the latest service performance status of BDS-3 was displayed from a comprehensive perspective. The performance of BDS-3 was analyzed and evaluated from five aspects: constellation performance, observation data quality, spatial signal performance, PNT (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) service performance, and precision positioning application. We used 14 indices to conduct comprehensive assessment of the BDS-3 service performance. Finally, the main direction of the next development of BDS was prospected.     

Warhead power assessment based on double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets theory and gained and lost dominance score method

Warhead power assessment of the anti-ship missile plays a vital role in determining the optimal design of missile, thus having important strategic research significance. However, in the assessment process, expert’s judgement will directly affect the assessment accuracy. In addition,there are many criteria involved in the missile design alternatives. Some criteria with poor performance may be compensated by other criteria with excellent performance, and then it is impossible to find the truly opt...     

Synthetic damage effect assessment through evidential reasoning approach and neural fuzzy inference: Application in ship target

The damage effect assessment of anti-ship missiles combines system science and weapon science, which can provide reference for the assessment of battlefield damage situation. In order to solve the difficulty of heterogeneous data aggregation and the difficulty in constructing the mapping between factors and damage effect, this paper analyzes the specific damage process of the anti-ship missile to the ship, and proposes a synthetic Evidential Reasoning (ER) – Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to assess the damage effect. To solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of criteria in the assessment process, the belief structure model is used to transform qualitative and quantitative information into a unified mathematical structure, and ER algorithm is used to fuse the information of lower-level criteria. In order to solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of the information contained in the first-level variables, and the strong non-linear characteristics of the mapping between first-level variables and damage effect, the ANFIS with self-adaptation and self-learning is constructed. The map between the three first-level variables and damage effect is established, and the interaction process of the various factors in the damage effect assessment are clear. Sensitivity analysis shows that assessment model has good stability. The result analysis and comparative analysis show that the process proposed in this paper can effectively assess the damage effect of anti-ship missiles, and all criteria data are objective and comparable.     

面向有效载荷的准实时在轨健康评估系统

卫星遥测数据通常有2种手段获得，一种是卫星经过地面测控站下传的实时遥测和延时遥测;另一种手段是通过数传分系统下传的全球遥测。全球遥测作为监视卫星载荷健康状态的主要手段，存在数据量大、文件数量较多、人工处理和判读工作量大等问题。针对该情况，提出准实时在轨健康监视系统的设计方案。该系统具备遥测源码定时获取、有效载荷遥测数据提取和解析、遥测数据存储、遥测数据自动判读和特征统计、超限报警、曲线显示和数据输出等功能，可对卫星有效载荷的健康状态进行准实时、自动化的监视和评估。