Dayside ionospheric uplift during strong geomagnetic storms as detected by the CHAMP,SAC-C,TOPEX and Jason-1 satellites

Ionosphere response to severe geomagnetic storms that occurred in 2001–2003 was analyzed using data of global ionosphere maps (GIM), altimeter data from the Jason-1 and TOPEX satellites, and data of GPS receivers on-board CHAMP and SAC-C satellites. This allowed us to study in detail ionosphere redistribution due to geomagnetic storms, dayside ionospheric uplift and overall dayside TEC increase. It is shown that after the interplanetary magnetic field turns southward and intensifies, the crests of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) travel poleward and the TEC value within the EIA area increases significantly (up to ∼50%). GPS data from the SAC-C satellite show that during the main phase of geomagnetic storms TEC values above the altitude of 715 km are 2–3 times higher than during undisturbed conditions. These effects of dayside ionospheric uplift occur owing to the “super-fountain effect” and last few hours while the enhanced interplanetary electric field impinged on the magnetopause.     

基于慢特征密度聚类的气路异常检测方法

在结合核技巧、慢特征分析算法与密度聚类方法的基础上,提出了基于混合核慢特征分析和密度聚类的慢特征密度聚类算法,实现了基于民航发动机气路参数原始值的异常检测。核技巧的引入克服了慢特征分析法处理复杂数据时可能存在的维度爆炸问题,充分利用不同核函数的特点和慢特征分析的优势从气路参数原始值中提取出随时间变化最缓慢的特征作为密度聚类算法的输入,最终筛选出异常值。经实验对比发现,该方法针对某些异常拥有最好的聚类效果和最低的虚警率,尤其是检测可调放气活门系统异常时虚警数量不到样本总数量的0.5%,是一种有效的方法。      

基于天基光学探测图像初析南大西洋异常区影响

文章针对目前在轨运行的高灵敏度探测类可见光遥感器经过南大西洋异常区（SouthAtlanticAnomaly,SAA）时出现的探测能力降低、目标无法识别等现象,通过卫星在轨获取的SAA天基探测图像研究图像中出现的异常现象机理;提出了基于CCD探测器固有暗像元区的图像特征变化开展SAA影响评估的方法,根据在轨图像暗像元区的均值和标准差、图像区的热像素及活像元等特征参数的统计分析,判断经过SAA过程中连续获取的图像中出现显著影响时的拐点,通过曲线拟合估算出该轨道高度的SAA空间分布特征和边界,依此进一步提出利用在轨天基探测图像给出测量影响该轨道高度卫星SAA区域边界的简单方法;最后,基于SAA对天基探测器件的影响分析结果和认识,给出了高灵敏度探测类卫星避免或消除SAA影响的改进措施和建议。文章采用的数据分析和评估方法为提升SAA对天基探测影响的认识,以及下一步有效开展空间碎片探测工作提供参考。     

Coordinated in situ measurements of plasma irregularities and ground based scintillation observations at the crest of equatorial anomaly

First comparison of in situ density fluctuations measured by the DEMETER satellite with ground based GPS receiver measurements at the equatorial anomaly station Bhopal (geographic coordinates (23.2°N, 77.6°E); geomagnetic coordinates (14.29°N, 151.12°E)) for the low solar activity year 2005, are presented in this paper. Calculation of the diurnal maximum of the strength of the equatorial electrojet, which can serve as precursor to ionospheric scintillations in the anomaly region is also done. The Langmuir Probe experiment and Plasma Analyzer onboard DEMETER measure the electron and ion densities respectively. Irregularities in electron density distribution cause scintillations on transionospheric links and there exists a close relationship between an irregularity and scintillation. In 40% of the cases, DEMETER detects the irregularity structures (dNe/Ne ? 5% and dNi/Ni (O⁺) ? 5%) and GPS L band scintillations (S4 ? 0.2) are also observed around the same time, for the low solar activity period. It is found that maximum irregularity intensity is obtained in the geomagnetic latitude range of 10–20° for both electron density and ion density. As the GPS signals pass through this irregularity structure, scintillations are recorded by the GPS receiver installed at the equatorial anomaly station, Bhopal it is interesting to note that in situ density fluctuations observed on magnetic flux tubes that pass over Bhopal can be used as indicator of ionospheric scintillations at that site. Many cases of density fluctuations and associated scintillations have been observed during the descending low solar activity period. The percentage occurrence of density irregularities and scintillations shows good correspondence with diurnal maximum of the strength of electrojet, however this varies with different seasons with maximum correspondence in summer (up to 66%) followed by equinox (up to 50%) and winter (up to 46%). Also, there is a threshold value of EEJ strength to produce density irregularities ((dNe/Ne)_max ? 5%) and for moderate to strong scintillations (S4 ? 0.3) to occur. For winter this value is found to be ∼40 nT whereas for equinox and summer it is around 50 nT.     

太阳活动低年低纬地区VTEC 变化特性分析

利用福州台站(26.1°N, 119.3°E, 磁纬14.4°N)电离层闪烁与TEC监测仪2006-2010年的观测数据, 对该地区垂直总电子含量(VTEC)进行时间变化特性分析. 结果表明, 春秋冬三季的VTEC平均最高值出现在06:00UT, 夏季出现在08:00UT, 所有季节的平均最低值均出现在21:00UT; VTEC变化存在季节异常和弱冬季异常, 春秋季节高, 冬夏季节低, 夏季VTEC比冬季低且最大值出现时间延迟; VTEC在2006-2009年呈现下降的变化趋势, 2010年开始增强, 年际变化与太阳活动及地磁活动变化趋势具有较好的对应关系; VTEC变化与太阳活动存在很好的相关性, 相关系数达到0.5以上, 地磁活动则显示了弱相关的特性; F_10.7与VTEC的相关性随着每天Kp指数总值Σ_kp的增大而减小.      

改进的Sage—Husa滤波及在卫星姿态估计中的应用

基于极大后验估计原理,提出了一种改进的噪声估计器,以实现对噪声均值和方差的在线估计,抑制滤波器发散。对自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法在卫星姿态确定系统中的应用进行了仿真。结果表明新算法滤波精度优于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）,与Sage—Husa自适应滤波算法相比,可阻止滤波器发散,提高系统滤波精度。     

遥测伪周期时间序列子序列异常检测算法

针对现有异常检测算法用于伪周期时间序列异常序列检测时易造成误差累积,导致序列周期与特征值上显著差异的不足,文章以卫星遥测伪周期时序数据为对象,综合两种常规分段方法的优势,提出了最大周期窗宽内基于极值的模式子序列分段算法。在此基础上,给出了一种基于均序列动态生成模型的子序列异常检测方法（AnomalySubsequenceDetectionmethodbasedonOptimizedSequenceModel,ASD_OSM）,并采用2次四分位距准则（DoubleQuantilerangescriterion,2Q准则）设置距离检测门限阈值,将超出阈值的序列判定为异常序列。某航天器传感器遥测子序列异常检测试验结果表明,提出的检测方法能够有效减少漏判,提高卫星遥测伪周期数据异常序列检测的准确性。     

基于统计学方法的卫星在轨热变形快速分析

为使用在轨实测温度数据辅助完成成像载荷视轴指向的在轨标定,首次将应用于地统计学中的普通克里格法用于卫星在轨温度场的无偏估计,提出了一种基于统计学方法的在轨热变形快速分析方法。应用热试验过程中星上少量温度实测数据进行卫星温度场的无偏估计,并将温度计算结果赋值到有限元模型,进而完成了热变形分析。应用此种方法,相比通过热物理方法进行温度场分析,可将热变形分析的工期缩短数日,且载荷变形的分析结果与试验实测结果的误差在1′左右,可较准确地得到载荷视轴在热变形作用下的指向变化。文章可为卫星在轨热变形的快速分析提供参考。     

激光捷联惯导车载重力测量试验

惯性导航系统中加速度计测量的比力是载体运动加速度与重力加速度的矢量和,当载体运动加速度能够被有效分离时,满足一定精度水平的惯性导航系统就可以成为动态重力仪。捷联式惯性导航系统体积小、重量轻、系统组成简单,可以在记录下惯性器件原始输出信息之后,通过离线处理过程进行数据处理和精度挖掘。本文通过对某高精度激光捷联惯导进行相应的软硬件更改,获得了兼具导航及重力测量功能的一体式动态重力仪。地面车载试验是验证动态重力仪的测量精度的有效手段之一,本文将一组高速公路重复测线的数据进行了处理和分析,结果表明在平均车速72km/hr的条件下,半波长分辨率2km,自由空间重力异常内符合精度优于1mGal。