纳米NiCu复合粉对AP及AP/HTPB推进剂热分解的催化作用

制备了不同Ni、Cu比例的纳米NiCu复合粉,用差示热分析(DTA)法研究了纳米NiCu复合粉对AP及AP/HTPB推进剂热分解的催化作用。结果表明,纳米NiCu复合粉可显著降低AP以及AP/HTPB推进剂的热分解峰温,使总表观分解热明显增大,表现出显著的催化效果。Ni与Cu的比例对纳米NiCu复合粉的催化性能有较大的影响,随着Cu含量的增加,催化性能增强,以Ni60Cu40的催化效果最好。随着纳米NiCu复合粉加入量的增加,其催化作用增强。探讨了纳米NiCu复合粉催化AP热分解的作用机理。     

胺类化合物反应型包覆硝酸铵及其在叠氮聚醚推进剂中的应用

为改善相稳定硝酸铵(PSAN)的吸湿性和表面极性,选择乙二胺、二乙胺和三乙胺,分别代表伯、仲和叔胺化合物,与PSAN颗粒表面反应,制备反应型包覆PSAN。FTIR证实,乙二胺、二乙胺和三乙胺与AN均能发生化学反应。通过吸湿率、接触角测量和推进剂拉伸实验,对包覆效果进行了表征。结果表明,二乙胺反应型包覆的PSAN吸湿性和表面极性改善效果最好,相对湿度为75.3%和92.5%两种环境下,8 h吸湿率分别下降了60.5%和63.6%,表面自由能极性分量下降了约91%,非极性分量增加了约145%;而乙二胺反应型包覆PSAN对BAMO-THF/PSAN推进剂力学性能改善效果最好,乙二胺包覆量为0.2%时,推进剂的最大应力σm取得最大值,σm提高了约46%,最大应力下延伸率εm提高了约83%。     

单分散钴纳米粒子的制备及其对二硝酰胺铵(ADN)的热分解作用

采用氢电弧等离子体法在惰性气氛中制备了单分散的高纯度纳米Co粉。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(SAED)、比表面吸附仪、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对样品的粒度、形貌、比表面积、成分进行了表征。将纳米Co粉按不同比例与二硝酰胺铵(ADN)制成复合粒子,并用差热分析(DTA)考察了不同比例的纳米Co粉对ADN的热分解催化作用。结果表明,在ADN中加入纳米Co粉,可使ADN的分解峰温明显降低,比例越大,分解峰温的降低也越多,且表观分解热显著增大,说明纳米Co粉对ADN有较强的催化作用。     

复合推进剂中使用的改性硝酸铵

介绍了国内外改善硝酸铵多晶现象和吸湿性的一些研究成果。     

Particle size effect on ammonium perchlorate decomposition kinetics

The decomposition kinetic parameters of ammonium perchlorate (AP) having different grain size (10-390μm) were investigated through simultaneous DSC/TGA (differential scanning calorimetry/thermal gravimetric analysis) analyzer in a dynamic nitrogen atmosphere under heating rate of 40K/min.The kinetic parameters such as activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined by the modified isoconversional method.The Brurzauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-method was applied to measure AP specific surface areas.The results show that the higher the AP particle size the lower the determined kinetic parameters and are matched with some important literatures.      

Involvement of nitric oxide in the mechanism of biochemical alterations induced by simulated microgravity in Microcystis aeruginosa

Simulated microgravity (SMG) can inhibit proliferation and enhance microcystin production of Microcystis aeruginosa. We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating the SMG induced changes of proliferation, photochemical system II photochemical activity, pigment, soluble protein and microcystin production in M. aeruginosa. M. aeruginosa was exposed to 0.1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) or 0.02 mM 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO, NO scavenger) alone or in combination with SMG for 48 h. SMG and SNP inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa while c-PTIO had no effect on cell number. As to yield, the negative effect of SMG was augmented by SNP and suppressed by c-PTIO. The intracellular concentrations of chlorophyll a, carotenoid, phycocyanin, soluble protein and microcystin were increased by SMG after 48 h. The effects of SMG on these metabolic processes could be enhanced by SNP and be partly eliminated by c-PTIO. Moreover, SNP and c-PTIO only functioned in these biochemical processes under SMG, unlike in the regulation of cell proliferation and yield. These results showed that the effects of SMG could be enhanced by adding exogenous NO and be mitigated by scavenging endogenous NO, revealing the involvement of NO in the changes in biochemistry processes induced by SMG in M. aeruginosa.     

硝酸羟胺主成分及其杂质分析

研究了硝酸羟胺(HAN)主成分及其部分杂质的仪器分析方法：重氮偶联显色分光光度法测定其主成分硝酸羟胺；纳氏试剂分光光度法测定HAN中杂质硝酸铵；原子吸收光谱法测定HAN中铁、锰、铜、锌、钾、钠、钙、镁、镍、铬、钡、铅、钛等金属杂质。试验结果表明，该方法灵敏度高、简单快速。     

纳米Ni、Ni-P、Ni-B粒子制备及催化AP热分解的研究

采用改进的化学镀镍方法,制备了纯度较高的纳米Ni、Ni-P及Ni-B粒子。运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-ray射线衍射(XRD)方法对纳米粒子的物相、组织形貌和粒度进行了表征,并通过TG-DTA热分析实验,研究了制备的纳米粒子对AP热分解过程的催化影响。结果表明,纳米Ni粒子为面心立方晶体,呈现球形且平均粒径为60 nm左右;纳米Ni-P、Ni-B粒子为非晶合金,粒子呈现松散的聚集状态,形状不规则,粒径分布分别为10~80 nm和30~50 nm。制备的纳米粒子对AP低温和高温热分解反应均有促进作用,对高温分解的催化效果更明显,而Ni-B粒子的催化效果最为显著。加入质量分数为5%的Ni或Ni-P粒子,能将AP的高温热分解峰温分别降低53℃或80℃左右;而加入质量分数为5%的Ni-B粒子,能将AP的高温热分解峰提前125℃左右,与其在321.68℃的低温热分解峰重合,并使得整体热分解在368.33℃时就完全结束。     

NEPE推进剂的热分解研究(IV)

采用快速热裂解原位反应池(气体原位反应池)／快速扫描傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(RSFT-IR)和固体原位池／RSFT-IR联用技术，实时测定了含与不合催化剂的NEPE推进剂气相及凝聚相热裂解产物，研究获得了在线性升温条件下两种推进剂配方的热分解特征，并讨论了金属燃料铝粉和燃速催化剂Pb—CO3对NEPE推进荆热分解特性的影响。     

RDX/AP配比对HTPB复合推进剂低压燃烧性能的影响

本文研究了RDX/AP配比对其HTPB复合推进剂爆温(T_v)、燃烧产物中HCl含量、燃速和燃速压力指数的影响.探索了叔丁基二茂铁、铬酸铅等添加剂对RDX/AP丁羟推进剂燃速的催化效果.应用单幅摄影、中止燃烧和扫描电镜等实验技术对其结果作了初步的分析.