非线性时变过程的智能控制器在火工品压药控制中的应用

针对火工品药剂生产中压力控制过程的非线性和时变控制问题,设计一个具有控制参数适应能力的智能控制器．实时控制结果验证了该智能控制器具有很强的适应能力和很高的控制精度,为火工品药剂的压药自动控制探索了一种新方法．     

激光选区熔化成形SiCP/AlSi10Mg复合材料工艺及性能研究

为研究激光选区熔化(SLM)成形技术制备SiC颗粒增强AlSi10Mg复合材料的成形机理,开展了SLM成形工艺参数(扫描间距、扫描速度)对致密度、机械性能等影响情况的研究。结果表明:所制备试样中SiC增强颗粒分布均匀,并与基体具有连续相容的冶金结合界面。当激光扫描速度从900 mm/s升高到2 100 mm/s时,在不同的扫描间距下,复合材料试样致密度均随之降低;当扫描间距在0.09～0.12 mm内变化时,在不同的扫描速度下,致密度变化趋势并不一致;在激光功率490 W、铺粉层厚0.04 mm、扫描间距0.12 mm、扫描速度900 mm/s时,制备的SiC颗粒增强AlSi10Mg复合材料试样得到最佳综合性能(相对密度99.1%,显微硬度198.7 HV0.2,抗拉强度341.9 MPa);在该最佳工艺参数下,成功制备出复杂结构的薄壁零件。研究为SLM成形SiCP/AlSi10Mg复合材料在航空航天和空间领域的应用提供了理论基础和实验依据。     

低温变形对2A14铝合金组织性能影响

提出了低温变形与热处理协同的2A14铝合金强韧化新方法,借助透射电镜、扫描电镜、金相显微镜、拉伸试验机等测试手段对比分析了室温和超低温变形工艺对2A14铝合金组织性能的影响。结果显示:与室温变形相比,超低温变形与热处理协同能够大幅提升合金综合力学性能。当超低温变形量达到20%,合金内部位错密度上升,第二相粒子尺寸更小,分布更为均匀,晶粒细化显著,合金综合力学性能达到最高,抗拉强度为474.5 MPa,屈服强度为426.5 MPa,延伸率为11.6%。     

6061铝合金激光焊温度场与应力场数值模拟研究

为了解决激光焊接铝合金对接接头的质量问题,本文采用热-结构耦合有限元技术,建立了在移动高斯热源作用下的三维激光焊接温度场和应力应变场的计算模型。首先,利用有限元软件MSC.Marc模拟焊接过程中试片级试样的温度和应力的变化及其变形情况;其次,研究试样瞬态温度场和应力应变场的变化规律及其分布特征;最后,探讨激光功率和焊接速度对接头质量的影响规律。试验中所选取的激光功率和焊接速度等工艺参数均通过数值模拟进行优化,并根据优化后的工艺参数完成激光焊接4 mm厚6061-T6铝合金平板对接试验。通过对焊接接头形貌的观察及分析进行热源校核,结果表明:仿真计算得到的焊接熔池边界温度达到6061铝合金熔点以上,且其形状分布与实际试验所得焊缝边界基本吻合,从而验证了模拟结果的准确性和可靠性。     

铝合金材料的高质量电弧焊接新工艺

针对铝合金材料电弧焊接加工存在的问题,研究开发出了一种新型的超快速变换复合超音频脉冲方波变极性氩弧焊接方法,并将其用于5A06、2A14和2219等多种铝合金材料的焊接试验加工过程。研究结果表明,采用复合超音频脉冲方波变极性钨极氩弧焊接工艺进行铝合金材料焊接加工,可有效减少甚至消除焊缝气孔等缺陷,显著改善和提高焊接接头力学性能,从而获得满意的电弧焊接质量。     

SiCf+p/LY12复合材料口盖板的制备与结构刚度

介绍了利用净成型液相压渗工艺的制备的ＳｉＣ纤维与ＳｉＣ颗粒混杂增强铝合金复合材料仪器舱口盖板。利用自行设计的热外压装置，考察了口盖板在室温和４００℃一外压时的刚度变化情况。结果表明ＳｉＣｆ＋ｐ／ＬＹ１２复合材料口盖板的室温结构刚度比ＬＹ１２铝合金口板提高约５０％，４００℃下复合材料口盖板的结构刚度比ＬＹ１２铝合金口盖板提高约８０％。     

快速凝固/粉末冶金高阻尼铝合金挤压成形过程的数值模拟

 采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,分析了快速凝固/粉末冶金 (Rapidly Solidified/Powder Metallurgy,RS/PM)高阻尼铝合金FMS0714/10(Zn-30Al)的挤压成形过程,研究了模具与坯料间的摩擦条件和挤压比对阻尼铝合金成形过程的影响,探讨了挤压过程材料表面产生裂纹的机理,进行了成形工艺优化。研究结果表明：挤压过程中FMS0714/10(Zn-30Al) 阻尼铝合金材料的流动与变形不均匀,导致了应力应变分布的不均匀：材料表面应力应变较大,芯部应力应变较小;表面过大的应变和轴向拉应力是表面裂纹的诱因;减小模具和坯料间的摩擦,增大挤压比,可以减小材料表面应力,使应变分布趋于均匀,从而减少材料表面损伤,优化材料表面质量,提高成品合格率。数值模拟的研究结果将为FMS0714/10(Zn-30Al) 阻尼铝合金材料挤压工艺的制订以及新材料的设计和研制提供有益的参考。     

Effect of Processing and Composition on the Structure and Properties of P/M EP741NP Type Alloys

A study was carried out on the effects of processing and composition on the structure and properties of P/M EP741NP type alloys. The objectives of this study were to understand the role of Hf in a P/M superalloy containing high niobium used in aircraft engines and to determine the effects of extrusion and forging the powders as contrasted to HIPing (hot isostatic pressing) only. Two alloys of the P/M EP741NP composition were atomized: one alloy contained 0.26%Hf and the other was Hf free. After the as-atomized powders from both alloys were characterized, the powders were extruded into billets, forged and heat treated. After each process, the microstructures were characterized by SEM and the phases were extracted and identified by X-ray diffraction. The presence of Hf in the residues was probed by EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). The alloys were given the published Russian heat treatment as well as a more conventional heat treatment more typical of western powder alloys. Tensile, creep and stress rupture mechanical property tests were run. Results of the structural behavior of the alloys after each processing step will be presented and discussed. The role of the Hf on the mechanical proper- ties will be discussed.     

FEM Analysis of Spring-backs in Age Forming of Aluminum Alloy Plates

The age forming technology, characterized by huge spring-backs, has been developed to manufacture large integral wing-skin panel parts, which necessitates devising a method of predicting spring-backs. A 7B04-T7451 aluminum alloy creep test in tension is accomplished at 155 ℃, and the creep curves are obtained. The material constants of the mechanism-based creep constitutive equations are determined through experiments. The age forming process and the spring-backs of 7B04 aluminum alloy plates are analyzed using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS. The effects of plate thickness and forming time on spring-backs are researched. The spring-backs decrease with the increase of plate thickness and forming time. The test results verify the reliability of the finite element method （FEM） analysis.     

Al-TiO2-C系原位合成铝基复合材料高温拉伸性能及断裂机理

讨论了Al-TiO2-C反应系原位反应合成铝基复合材料的常温和高温拉伸性能及其断裂机理.当C/TiO2摩尔比为0时,增强相由α-Al2O3和Al3Ti组成,随C/TiO2摩尔比的增加,Al3Ti逐渐减少,在C/TiO2摩尔比为1时,Al3Ti基本消失.室温抗拉强度和延伸率随C/TiO2摩尔比的增加而同步提高,分别由250.4 MPa和4.0%上升到350.8 MPa和6.0%.SEM观察发现有的Al3Ti自身解理开裂,并在四周形成较大韧窝,拉伸时裂纹核可在Al3Ti棒中和基体中α-Al2O3的聚集处形成,并分别在棒的解理面和基体中扩展引起断裂.高温时,热错配应力促使裂纹核先于基体在Al3Ti棒与基体的界面萌生扩展,Al3Ti从基体中脱离,断口出现洞坑,C/TiO2摩尔比为1的复合材料在727K时,拉伸强度降为93.3MPa,延伸率升为11.0%.