飞艇吊舱隐身特性研究

吊舱的雷达散射特性决定了飞艇的隐身性能。为得到最优的设计方案,需要综合计算各种方案吊舱的雷达散射截面值。本文提出了采用多截面曲面对飞艇吊舱数字化建模的原理和通过形状因子描述吊舱脊线的方法,推导出利用物理光学法估算吊舱雷达散射截面的公式并总结了程序流程。通过典型吊舱分析了飞艇的隐身性能,结果表明：采用形状因子对吊舱的数字...     

平流层飞艇研制现状、技术难点及发展趋势

平流层飞艇研制是一项庞大复杂的系统工程,其技术攻关、系统研发及工程应用中遇到的诸多关键问题与技术难点,需要用全新的理念和创新的方案解决。综述了国内外平流层飞艇研制的进展与现状,重点描述了已经开展的技术验证试飞的情况。针对平流层飞艇总体布局、超压囊体、能源系统、飞行控制和定点着陆5个方面,梳理了其技术难点、研究现状和发展趋势,从工程研制的角度探讨了相关技术难题的可行解决方案。     

基于行为逻辑的平流层飞艇试验自动测试方法

平流层飞艇飞行试验之前需在地面开展测试以保证飞艇测控、安全控制等关键分系统功能正常和全系统长时工作可靠。通过研究平流层飞艇的系统结构组成、功能以及控制逻辑,给出了平流层飞艇测试行为逻辑和测试行为;在此基础上,构建了试验测试模式和测试流程,给出了试验测试系统实现方法,确定了测试系统中测试程序功能的实现方式。最后,通过平流层飞艇试验测试实施验证了自动测试方法的有效性。     

临近空间艇载计算机余度管理策略研究

平流层飞艇是可靠性要求很高的系统,需要由具有容错能力的艇载计算机来进行控制和管理。针对艇载计算机采用的余度结构进行了软件管理策略的研究和设计,提出了基于异构总线的握手机制节点故障检测方法、基于“看门狗”与“心跳”相结合的 CPU 故障检测方法、基于节点健康矩阵的互援式总线重构方法及基于有限状态机的多 CPU 并行处理系统自适应重构方法。故障注入试验表明,艇载计算机在遇到故障时能实时检测出故障,诊断故障类型,并对故障进行处理,实现系统重构,保证了平流层飞艇长期驻空时的安全飞行。     

Yaw controller design of stratospheric airship based on phase plane method

Recently,stratospheric airships prefer to employ a vectored tail rotor or differential main propellers for the yaw control,rather than the control surfaces like common low-altitude airship.The load capacity of vectored mechanism and propellers are always limited by the weight and strength,which bring challenges for the attitude controller.In this paper,the yaw channel of airship dynamics is firstly rewritten as a simplified two-order dynamics equation and the dynamic characteristics is analyzed with a phase plane method.Analysis shows that when ignoring damping,the yaw control channel is available to the minimum principle of Pontryagin for optimal control,which can obtain a Bang–Bang controller.But under this controller,the control output could be bouncing around the theoretical switch curve due to the presence of disturbance and damping,which makes adverse effects for the servo structure.Considering the structure requirements of actuators,a phase plane method controller is employed,with a dead zone surrounded by several phase switch curve.Thus,the controller outputs are limited to finite values.Finally,through the numerical simulation and actual flight experiment,the method is proved to be effective.     

空气动力学与航空飞行器

本文简述了当今航空飞行器的发展概貌;回顾并剖析了空气动力学在航空飞行器发展过程中的重要作用;最后,对今后的发展前景作了展望。     

Effect of vapor condensation on ascending performance of stratospheric airship

This paper reports a numerical investigation on the effects of water vapor condensing inside the air bag of a stratospheric airship on its ascending performance. The kinetic and thermal model considering vapor condensation was established, based on which a computer program was written in Fortran. The simulation results show that the vapor condensation remarkably affects the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship in the ascent process. During the ascent process below 11 km, a large amount of latent heat is released when the water vapor in the air inside the air bag of the stratospheric airship condenses, which results in the increase of the temperature and the reduction of the weight of the air in the air bag, causing the airship to speed up, the accelerated expansion of the helium, and the decrease of the helium temperature in the helium bag. When the flight altitude is higher than 11 km, the effect of vapor condensation on the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship is negligible because vapor is virtually nonexistent in the air.     

临近空间飞艇全数字仿真设计与实现

全数字仿真在临近空间飞艇研制过程中起着重作用。本文以临近空间飞艇为研究目标,首先分析飞艇的受力情况,将体积中心作为艇体坐标系原点建立飞艇动力学方程和运动学方程。综合起飞、降落和巡航中的风场特点,建立可变的风场模型。利用Matlab／simulink软件搭建仿真模型,实现飞艇全数字仿真。最后对仿真结果进行了简分析。     

平流层飞艇总体多目标优化设计与决策

将多目标优化与多属性决策相结合应用于平流层飞艇总体多目标优化中。建立平流层飞艇多目标优化模型,实现优化模型参数化建模,采用多目标进化算法NSGA－Ⅱ得到Pareto最优解集,构成多属性决策矩阵,采用模糊熵权TOPSIS（ M－TOPSIS）法对Pareto非劣解进行排序,获得最佳设计方案。最终结果验证了NSGA－Ⅱ平流层飞艇多目标优化中的有效性。     

多气囊平流层浮空器动力学建模及控制

针对多气囊平流层浮空器的建模和控制问题,建立其浮空器动力学模型并设计了一种积分变结构控制律.首先,全面分析平流层浮空器所受力和力矩,利用牛顿力学方法建立非线性动力学模型,并分析多气囊运动所带来的和普通浮空器建模之间的区别；然后,基于积分变结构控制方法设计俯仰通道姿态控制律,并应用Lyapunov函数方法证明其稳定性；最后考虑舵偏限幅和限速率以及参数拉偏,进行数字仿真,分析比较了加入积分项前后的控制效果.仿真结果表明,设计的控制律具有较强的鲁棒性,浮空器也具有良好的动态特性.