双摄像机光笔式三维坐标测量系统研究

基于双目立体视觉传感器三维测量模型和空间坐标变换原理,采用最小二乘冗余算法,讨论了双摄像机测量空间三维点坐标的基本原理,建立了视觉测量系统的非线性测量方程。通过实验验证了双摄像机光笔式三维坐标视觉测量系统建立的可行性。     

超磁致伸缩驱动器的致动机理研究

介绍了超磁致伸缩驱动器的特点及其应用范围,论述了驱动器的结构参数及工作原理,建立了基于畴壁理论的GMA致动模型,对采用国产材料研制的驱动器静态位移输出特性进行了测试,并对致动模型进行了实验分析.     

等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究

为了揭示等离子体气动激励与边界层相互作用的物理机制,作者进行了等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究。实验结果表明：毫秒、微秒等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动以“启动涡”和“壁面射流”的形式出现;当激励电压为12kV时,最大诱导速度约为3m／s;激励电压越大,“启动涡”和“壁面射流”的强度越大;脉冲激励的作用强度和作用范围要强于定常激励。该结论为提高等离子体流动控制的作用能力提供了指导。     

等离子体气动激励的加速特性研究

进行了静止空气条件下等离子体气动激励加速特性的实验研究与讨论,使用皮托管和粒子图像测速仪分别对诱导气流速度进行了测量与结果分析。实验结果表明:激励参数(激励电压、频率和电极组数目)的改变,对等离子体气动激励的加速特性有不同程度的影响。进行了等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速机理的讨论,证实了等离子体气动激励作为飞行器和动力装置的主动流动控制具有广阔的研究与应用前景。     

一体化电液作动器容错结构设计

一体化电液作动器(EHA, Electrical Hydrostatic Actuator)是功率电传(PBW, Power by Wire)飞控操纵系统的一部分,为了保证整个飞控系统的可靠度,必须采用多余度结构配置.飞控系统分别从可靠度、任务成功率、余度和故障管理水平以及性能、重量等角度提出了EHA的设计指标要求,并按照设计指标要求,对EHA各个组成部分的失效率进行了计算.根据计算结果,针对一种可行的EHA容错结构,分别计算了由于EHA故障导致的任务中断率(PMA, Probability of Mission abort)和失控率(PLOC, Probability of Loss of Control).计算结果表明此种结构形式能够满足飞控系统对作动器可靠度的要求.最后根据选用的可靠度模型,设计出具有容错能力的多余度作动系统,并对此容错结构进行了详细阐述.      

冗余度机器人动力学容错控制技术研究

就提高冗余度机器人动力学容错能力问题进行了研究.通过优化关节力矩分配椭球,使得该椭球主轴长度的乘积尽可能大,从而动力学容错能力得到改善.基于此,研究了故障状态下的关节力矩再分配算法和实时的动力学容错控制方案.为了减小故障造成的跟踪误差,对PID(Proportional Inteqrated Differential)和变结构控制的仿真效果进行了对比,仿真结果证实了所提算法的有效性和实用性.     

基于冗余驱动的大姿态角并联机构优化设计

分析了并联机构的姿态空间,指出了影响姿态空间的因素为物理约束和奇异约束2类,并且分别从这2个方面给出了扩大姿态空间相应的解决方案.以3PRS(Prismatic Revolve Spherical)并联机构为例,提出了采用新的铰链形式和增加冗余UPS(Universal Prismatic Spherical)支链来增大姿态空间的方法,详细描述了动平台能够实现在各个方向90°偏转的机构设计过程,并基于遗传算法以机构整个姿态空间中的灵活度为目标对机构进行了优化.优化的结果通过仿真证实了可靠性,这对于进一步扩大并联机构的应用范围提供参考.      

多电飞机容错作动系统拓扑结构分析

针对多电飞机电力作动系统,提出永磁容错电机及其容错驱动控制的拓扑结构,探讨系统的电气故障模式,研究防止故障传播的电、磁、热隔离设计,在理论上给出了容错电机相数的选取方法,采用独立的同轴电机组件实现高冗余系统。研究结果表明:电机、功率变换器和供电通道均采用以相为基本单位的模块化拓扑结构可实现多电飞机对作动系统的高容错要求。     

Design of Electrical/Mechanical Hybrid 4-Redundancy Brushless DC Torque Motor

This article presents a novel electrical/mechanical hybrid 4-redundancy brushless DC torque motor (BLDCM), which has found applications in direct drive actuators (DDA) of aerial vehicles. This motor is characteristic of electrical/mechanical hybrid 4-redundancy by securing two stators along with two rotors on the same shaft. Each stator contains two sets of windings embedded in separated slots. Furthermore, compared to the scheme of two electrical dual-redundancy BLDCMs linked by a mechanical transmission, the proposed motor has lower volume and lighter weight, eliminates the nonlinearity caused by the gap of the mechanical transmission, moderates the requirement for the torque balance between redundancies and reduces the cogging torque by shifting the magnets. Both magnetic circuit calculation and the finite element analysis (FEA) of the electromagnetic field are conducted to optimize the design process. A prototype motor has been produced and tested. The results indicate that its performances comply with the requirements presented by designers. Moreover, the position frequency response of the prototype in the DDA's unloaded situation has also demonstrated the fulfillment of desired dynamic characteristics.     

Charge-product control approach to electrostatic leader-follower formations in LEO plasma wakes

The feasibility of using electrostatic forces to stabilize a close-proximity leader-follower formation is investigated. The leader craft is equipped with a set of affixed spheres whose charge is modulated to hold the charged follower craft along a proscribed trajectory to its nominal leader-relative position. This charge structure and the follower craft are constrained to remain in the plasma wake generated behind all LEO craft because the more-dense ambient plasma outside the wake prevents object charging and electric field propagation. Once the formation is achieved, a controlled electric field is generated by the leader to counter relative accelerations from perturbations like differential drag and solar radiation pressure, holding the follow near its nominal position. Two controllers are derived for the system described, incorporating Coulomb accelerations and linearized gravity and drag accelerations. Simulations are run under unmodeled perturbations and sensor noise for different scenarios, demonstrating the challenges and benefits associated with electrostatic actuation.