A Lamb wave quantification model for inclined cracks with experimental validation

This paper investigates the influence of crack orientation on damage quantification using Lamb wave in plate structures. Finite element simulation is performed to acquire Lamb wave signal responses for different configurations of crack orientations and crack lengths. Two Lamb wave features, namely the normalized amplitude and the phase change, are used as damage sensitive features to develop a crack size quantification model. A hypothesis based on the geometrical influence on signal features is proposed, and the crack size quantification model incorporating the orientation angle is established using the hypothesis. An index of Probability of Reliable Quantification (PRQ) is proposed to evaluate the performance of the model. The index can be used to determine the sizing risk in terms of probabilities. A realistic aluminum plate is used to obtain the experimental data using piezoelectric (PZT) wafer-type sensors around a center through crack. The experimental data are used to validate the overall method. Results indicate that the proposed model can yield reliable results for size quantification of inclined cracks.     

单晶叶片取向相关的统一屈服强度分析方法及应用

考虑非施密特效应提出了等效临界分解剪切应力来统一单晶(SC)合金不同取向的屈服强度.利用5种单晶合金的试验数据,建立了统一的等效屈服准则(EYC),对两种单晶合金非常规取向宏观屈服强度的预测精度在可接受范围内.将晶体学弹性本构模型与EYC编制为ABAQUS/UMAT用户子程序,计算了 DD6单晶叶片在873种取向条件下...     

机身骨架装配柔性工装设计

为解决当前飞机机身装配工装效率低、定位精度不高、通用性差等问题,根据飞机机身结构,分析其装配需求,采用模块化设计思想,研制了面向机身骨架的"龙门式"柔性装配工装。该套柔性工装能够适应截面直径尺寸小于3m、机身筒段长度3~5m的产品,通过伺服电机驱动、手工调整以及更换特殊定位器等来实现对新类型机身的定位。工装操作简单、适应性强,能够以较低的成本提供较大的柔性。     

航天器用回转支撑机构设计优化及试验验证

本文结合国内空间站对日定向驱动机构所采用的回转支撑机构方案,重点围绕滚轮-导轨运动副接触形式,分析了圆柱形滚轮外形方案所存在的“滚中带滑”情况,针对性地开展了滚轮外形结构设计优化,提出了圆锥形设计改进方案。为了验证该方案的设计正确性、工程可行性以及改进有效性,计算了改进方案的运动副滚滑比,评估了零件加工精度、产品装配偏差以及空间温度环境等对滚滑比的影响,分析了改进方案对机械接口和载荷条件的影响,开展了真空寿命试验。结果表明:改进方案能够实现在理论上滚轮-导轨运动副为纯滚动运动,对零件加工精度、产品装配偏差以及空间温度环境有较好的容差性和适应性,并且对机械接口和载荷条件无影响,能够有效改善滚轮-导轨运动副接触状态,延长寿命,满足使用需求。     

脉冲激光模拟空间载荷单粒子效应研究进展

脉冲激光作为模拟测试空间探测载荷半导体器件的单粒子效应现象的一种较新型手段,具有可以定位器件对单粒子效应敏感的具体单元以及动态测试电路系统对单粒子效应的时间响应特性的特点,能够满足工程部门、器件研发部门的不同需求。通过实验与理论研究,建立单粒子锁定与翻转效应的激光阈值能量与重离子LET值的对应关系,解决了脉冲激光模拟测试的激光结果如何定量的关键问题,据此可以定量摸底评估器件的单粒子效应敏感度,使脉冲激光测试载荷的结果更具评价以及指导意义,这对建立统一的脉冲激光单粒子效应评估试验标准以及对脉冲激光试验的推广具有重要意义。空间探测载荷发生单粒子效应后器件功能特性及电路系统的影响、防范单粒子效应电路条件影响的手段下电路系统的抗单粒子效应设计措施是的有效性,以及为空间探测专门研制的抗辐射ASIC电路评价,都需要更加精细的单粒子效应测试方法。通过建立便捷、低成本的脉冲激光定量试验的手段,解决了空间探测载荷上述单粒子效应试验的问题。     

基于双捷联算法的POS误差在线标定方法

为了提升位置和姿态测量系统(POS)的精度,结合POS工作过程中典型的匀速直线运动,提出了一种准实时的POS误差在线标定方法。首先设计了基于双捷联算法的在线标定方案,对系统误差方程进行简化处理,求出中时期导航条件下的系统误差状态转移阵。然后根据POS的两段相邻匀速直线运动导航误差,对系统误差参数进行在线标定,并通过可观测性分析得出POS运动与系统误差在线标定效果之间的对应关系。车载试验和飞行试验结果表明,在POS正常遥感作业过程中,本文提出的在线标定方法能够有效提升系统精度。     

基于严格成像模型的卫星姿态角系统误差补偿

为消除卫星在轨运动过程中俯仰、偏航、滚动对遥感影像地面定位的影响,建立了卫星姿态角系统误差补偿模型,即在严格成像模型的基础上,对姿态角进行直接调整,以减小定位误差。利用环境减灾-1B（HJ-1B）卫星CCD1相机遥感影像进行分析,在单景影像的定位中,借助于2个地面控制点,将其系统误差减小到原来的1/3,从而验证了模型的有效性,为进一步在轨检校相机内部静态参数提供了前提。     

传输型测绘相机内方位元素误差对高程精度的影响分析

文章通过对摄影测量学中基于空间前方交会的点投影系数法进行分析,建立了摄影测量的高程误差方程,重点分析了传输型测绘相机内方位元素误差对高程精度的影响。以1∶50 000比例尺地图产品为例,分析了某测绘相机的相机主距、主点位置、畸变等内方位元素对高程精度的影响程度,提出在测绘相机研制过程中在保证高程精度方面应注意的问题。     

Heading south with a north-up map: A choice processing analysis of map alignment effects

This study employed an information accumulation model of choice reaction times to investigate alignment effects in mental representations of maps. University students studied a map from a single orientation (with north at the top). In a subsequent two-choice reaction time task, the students’ spatial knowledge of the map was assessed employing spatial left/right judgments, which were made from imagined perspectives that were either north-aligned or south-aligned. Data showed a standard alignment effect, favoring north- over south-aligned trials. To examine the locus of this effect, data were fit using the Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA) model of speeded decisions (Brown & Heathcote, 2008). Of interest were three model parameters: drift rate, the speed at which evidence accumulates toward a response; response threshold, the amount of evidence demanded from the decision maker before selecting a response; and non-decision time, the time consumed by pre- and postdecisional processes. The best-fitting model suggested that non-decision time accounted for the alignment effect. The difference in non-decision time between north and south-aligned judgments suggests a mental alignment stage on south-aligned trials, accounting for the longer reaction times for judgements misaligned with the presented north orientation of the map.     

基于可行图的五轴在机测量探针轴向优化方法

针对不同探针轴向下红宝石球上触碰点会引入不同预行程误差导致标定精度和效率低的问题，提出了一种用于优化在机测量探针轴向的可行图构建方法。首先，根据包围盒算法计算各个测量点处免干涉的探针轴向。接着，利用机床运动学链建立红宝石球上触碰点与机床旋转轴的关系，进而构建机床转台旋转角度的可行图。为了提升检测精度，以减少红宝石球上触碰点和机床旋转轴方向变化为原则，优化测量路径上探针轴向，满足无干涉且红宝石球触碰点最少的条件。最后，以离心式叶轮为例进行验证，采用此方法不仅能保证红宝石球上触碰点个数最少而大幅度缩短标定时间，还能减少引入的机床误差量而提升测量精度，实验结果证明该方法重复性好、可行度高。