直升机旋翼桨叶外形对雷达特征信号的影响

应用一种将物理光学、等效电磁流和准静态法相结合的方法,开展旋翼桨叶外形雷达特征信号时频域谱特性的研究。首先开展翼型参数、桨尖后掠和下反角对旋翼雷达散射截面(RCS)的影响机理和响应特性分析;然后通过对比选择不同桨叶片数和桨尖后掠角时旋翼回波信号的时频域变化规律,获得实现旋翼RCS减缩的桨叶片数和强散射源分布特点,并结合时频域灰度图谱发现和提取旋翼动态RCS闪烁域出现的时机与次数。研究表明:后掠桨尖是旋翼重要的强散射源之一;采用3片或5片桨叶时旋翼的RCS峰值比4片桨叶时分别减缩2.32dB·m2和2.52dB·m2,有利于控制雷达散射回波的峰值响应;由薄翼型NACA0006构成旋翼的雷达最大探测距离是厚翼型NACA0024旋翼的38.6%和41.8%,综合隐身效果最好。     

Topology optimization of compliant adaptive wing leading edge with composite materials

An approach for designing the compliant adaptive wing leading edge with composite material is proposed based on the topology optimization. Firstly, an equivalent constitutive relationship of laminated glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite plates has been built based on the symmetric laminated plate theory. Then, an optimization objective function of compliant adaptive wing leading edge was used to minimize the least square error（LSE） between deformed curve and desired aerodynamics shape. After that, the topology structures of wing leading edge of different glass fiber ply-orientations were obtained by using the solid isotropic material with penalization（SIMP） model and sensitivity filtering technique. The desired aerodynamics shape of compliant adaptive wing leading edge was obtained based on the proposed approach. The topology structures of wing leading edge depend on the glass fiber ply-orientation. Finally, the corresponding morphing experiment of compliant wing leading edge with composite materials was implemented, which verified the morphing capability of topology structure and illustrated the feasibility for designing compliant wing leading edge. The present paper lays the basis of ply-orientation optimization for compliant adaptive wing leading edge in unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） field.     

不同出口形状S形喷管的RSC特性

采用超椭圆方法、面积变化规律及中心线变化规律设计了三种出口形状的S形喷管,结合等效边缘电磁流（EEC）法和迭代物理光学（IPO）法开发了计算程序;EEC法分析喷管出口边缘产生的绕射场对S形喷管的雷达散射截面（RCS）的贡献;IPO法分析S形喷管腔体产生的散射场对S形喷管RCS的贡献;通过对两种电磁场所产生的电磁波的矢量叠加计算S形喷管的总RCS;在此基础上,研究了3种不同出口形状的S形喷管的RCS特性.结果表明:出口形状对RCS影响较大;圆形出口是3种S形喷管中RCS最小的;相互错位的锯齿修型可有效减小喷管的RCS;喷管的S形结构设计使得全局探测角内总散射场的RCS不关于0°探测角对称,并使得最大RCS移向正探测角.      

Drop test and crash simulation of a civil airplane fuselage section

Crashworthiness of a civil airplane fuselage section was studied in this paper. Firstly, the failure criterion of a rivet was studied by test, showing that the ultimate tension and shear failure loads were obviously affected by the loading speed. The relations between the loading speed and the average ultimate shear, tension loads were expressed by two logarithmic functions. Then, a vertical drop test of a civil airplane fuselage section was conducted with an actual impact velocity of6.85 m/s, meanwhile the deformation of cabin frame and the accelerations at typical locations were measured. The finite element model of a main fuselage structure was developed and validated by modal test, and the error between the calculated frequencies and the test ones of the first four modes were less than 5%. Numerical simulation of the drop test was performed by using the LS-DYNA code and the simulation results show a good agreement with that of drop test. Deforming mode of the analysis was the same as the drop test; the maximum average rigid acceleration in test was 8.81 g while the calculated one was 9.17 g, with an error of 4.1%; average maximum test deformation at four points on the front cabin floor was 420 mm, while the calculated one was 406 mm, with an error of 3.2%; the peak value of the calculated acceleration at a typical location was 14.72 g, which is lower than the test result by 5.46%; the calculated rebound velocity result was greater than the test result 17.8% and energy absorption duration was longer than the test result by 5.73%.     

Mechanism of unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of an elliptic airfoil

Abstract The aerodynamic characteristics of elliptic airfoil are quite different from the case of conventional airfoil for Reynolds number varying from about 10~4to 10~6.In order to reveal the fundamental mechanism,the unsteady flow around a stationary two-dimensional elliptic airfoil with 16%relative thickness has been simulated using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the γ-Reθt transition turbulence model at different angles of attack for flow Reynolds number of 5×10~5.The aerodynamic coefficients and the pressure distribution obtained by computation are in good agreement with experimental data,which indicates that the numerical method works well.Through this study,the mechanism of the unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil is analyzed and discussed based on the computational predictions coupled with the wind tunnel results.It is considered that the boundary layer transition at the leading edge and the unsteady flow separation vortices at the trailing edge are the causes of the case.Furthermore,a valuable insight into the physics of how the flow behavior affects the elliptic airfoil’s aerodynamics is provided.     

复合固体推进剂喷气羽烟对微波衰减的实验研究

本文根据推进剂喷气持续时间短这一特性,选择功率比法作为测量微波衰减的方法.结果表明:推进剂的喷气羽烟对微波的衰减与配方有关;在固体含量不变的情况下,适当地降低Al粉含量或用硝胺(HR)部分替代高氯酸铵(AP)都能降低羽烟对微波的衰减,但HR/AP的比值不宜过大;在推进剂中添加少量的电子捕获剂和二次燃烧抑制剂,不仅能有效地改善喷气羽烟的电磁特性而且对推进剂的其它性能影响不大,因此是制备微波衰减小的推进剂的有效方法.     

解析诸国争相研制“察打一体”飞翼隐身无人机

“察打一体”无人机以飞翼无尾气动布局、翼身融合体、复合材料结构、雷达吸波材料等特征,具有升阻比大、有效载重量大、隐身性能好等优点,能够对大纵深、高风险和高价值目标进行侦察与打击,诸国争相研制,后续发展空间巨大。     

吸波材料脱落对球面收敛喷管电磁散射特性的影响

在雷达吸波材料（RAM）涂覆位置影响球面收敛喷管（SCFN）雷达散射特性的结论上,研究了雷达吸波材料的脱落对SCFN雷达散射截面积（RCS）缩减效果的影响规律,采用加入阻抗边界条件的迭代物理光学（IPO）方法,计算了SCFN在5种不同脱落概率下的电磁散射特性。研究结果表明：吸波材料涂层的脱落会增加SCFN的RCS幅值;在俯仰探测面当脱落概率达到0.7时,依然能够保持68.19%的RCS缩减能力;在偏航探测面,当脱落概率达到0.5时,需要及时对吸波材料涂层进行修复。     

局部涂敷RAM复杂目标的电磁散射特性计算

给出了平行和垂直极化平面波投射到物体时散射场的通用表达式,阐述了确定目标主要回波源位置的方法,提出选取吸波材料涂敷区域的有效方法,同时分析了局部涂敷吸波材料(RAM)的复杂目标电磁散射特性的计算,最后给出计算结果,并经验证.这种方法提高了复杂目标雷达散射截面计算的精度,适用于工程应用.     

气流掺混的数值模拟

采用显式的TVD MacCormack格式的时间分裂形式求解了平板上横流流场的二维N-S方程和组分输运方程,得到了流场中气体超音速流动和混合的结构图谱.为了获得对近壁附面层分离较好的模拟效果,采用了Lam和Bremhorst的低雷诺数ｋ-ε模型来模拟流动中的湍流粘性.计算结果表明,该方法可以用来求解横流流场中的气流掺混问题.