试论政府转换经济职能的着眼点

政府转换经济职能的含义,主要是处理好政府与企业、管理与服务、直接管理方式与间接管理方式,以及政府机构调整四个方面的关系,中心是解决政府为企业服务的问题,因此,转换政府经济职能应当紧紧抓住服务,认真做好(1)更新观念、确立起企业在经济活动中的主体地位;(2)制订经济计划、行业规划以及完善各项法规条例;(3)以“小政府、大服务”的原则调整政府机构;(4)政府经济职能法制化等方面的工作。     

美陆军制导武器试验半实物仿真技术综述

主要综述美国陆军制导武器试验的仿真技术和设施，同时介绍仿真试验中使用的几种典型的目标景象投影技术，并说明了它们的应用范围和优缺点。最后介绍了当前制导武器试验仿真技术的发展趋势。     

Phase Space Density Analysis of Energy Transport in the Earth’s Magnetotail

Two energetic events in the Earth’s magnetotail detected by Geotail are examined with detailed analysis of three-dimensional velocity phase space density. It is found that the occurrence of multiple ion components is high during these dynamic episodes. Different populations evolve independently of each other, suggesting particles from multiple activity sites contributing to the observed phase space density. The transport properties with consideration of multiple components are evaluated, with the result showing significant differences from those based on a single fluid approach. This comparison indicates that precise evaluation of the energy and magnetic flux transport of energetic events in the magnetotail requires resolving individual populations in the phase space density.     

电子经纬仪一测回水平方向标准偏差两种检定方法比较

一测回水平方向标准偏差是衡量经纬仪测角精度的主要指标之一.本文结合经纬仪计量检定规程的要求,从测量的原理、方法、不确定度分析等方面入手,对电子经纬仪一测回水平方向标准偏差计量检定的两种方法进行了比较.     

船载炮射击时的角度修正

分析了船在航行中的几种摇荡对火炮射击精度的影响 ,主要介绍了用于消除船体纵摇角和横摇角影响的数学平台的建立方法 ,以及射击角的修正。     

高超声速无粘流场的推进计算

本文将文[1]中用于时间相关法计算的NND格式推广到定常超声速流动的空间推进计算,采用二步的预测、校正方法保证了推进方向的二阶精度,可以证明,这种二阶精度的NND格式具有TVD性质,是MacCormack二步显式格式的推广。本文首先将格式应用于二维平板上斜激波反射流场的推进计算,以检验格式捕捉激波的能力,同时研究了不同的通量分裂方法对格式捕捉激波能力的影响,得到了相当满意的结果。在此基础上,计算了航天飞机简化外形的身部超声速流场,给出了M_∞=10,α=0°,和M_∞=5,α=5°两种状态的部分结果,计算结果清楚地描绘了由于气流在机翼附近受到强烈压缩而产生的内嵌激波与外激波相交的复杂流场结构,与文[7]相比,流场结构更为清晰。     

日语音读汉字与汉语汉字之对比研究

通过对日语汉字音读和汉语中古音进行比较，发现日语汉字音读与汉语中古音有强烈的对应关系。其中“声假名”和中古音声母的对应比较整齐：あ段全部对应喉音影、余二母；か段全部对应牙音见、溪、群、疑和喉音晓、匣六母……“韵假名”与汉语中古音十六摄也有不如“声假名”强烈但依然很明显的对应关系，如果、假二摄对应あ段“韵假名”；止、蟹二摄对应ぃ段“韵假名”；通、江、效、宕、流摄对应ぅ段“韵假名”。     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

激光微推进器用于微小卫星的姿轨控仿真

为研究激光微推进器用于微小卫星在轨空间飞行任务的可行性,利用已建立的激光推进微小卫星仿真平台,对微小卫星在轨姿态调整、轨道维持和轨道转移等飞行任务进行了仿真和分析。仿真结果表明,星载激光微推进器可满足在轨微小卫星的高控制精度姿态调整、近地观测轨道维持以及较长时间要求的轨道转移等空间任务对推进系统的要求。     

可重复使用运载器磁悬浮助推发射参数研究

针对磁悬浮助推水平起飞运载器这种新型发射概念,采用概念性分析方法,研究地面发射参数对可重复使用运载器性能的影响规律。结果表明,助推发射水平起飞运载器在降低初始推重比、推进剂和结构质量等方面具有优势,最后得出地面发射参数的一组优化值。