制冷剂类型对机载蒸发循环系统性能影响

为给直升机机载制冷循环系统制冷剂的选择提供借鉴,首先以某直升机现有空调系统为例,依据其系统及部件参数,在VapCyc软件中建立制冷系统模型。然后选用不同制冷剂,改变冷凝器侧入口空气温度、冷凝器/蒸发器侧风量及压缩机转速,得到系统制冷系数(Coefficient of performance,COP)及制冷量。分析得到相同工况下,R134a与R1234yf的COP值相差不大且最高,R407C次之,R32与R410A结果相近且COP值最低;制冷量从高到低依次为R32,R410A,R407C,R134a和R1234yf。在机载制冷系统研究初期,应先满足系统制冷量的要求,故认为在选择机载空调制冷剂时,优先考虑R410A及R407C。另外,冷凝器侧风量、蒸发器侧风量及压缩机转速等参数对系统制冷量及COP均有较大影响,设计制冷系统时应慎重确定。     

利用低轨道卫星间微波信号探测反演温湿廓线

通过同时测量微波信号的折射和吸收信息,低地球轨道卫星间（LEO-LEO）微波掩星探测技术能够独立反演温度和水汽廓线。通过仿真手段,首先,正演模拟了微波信号穿过大气层后由折射和吸收效应分别导致的相位延迟和振幅衰减,在此基础上,对温度、水汽和云中液态水反演廓线进行了个例分析,然后,统计分析了温度和水汽在不同纬度带的反演性能,以及云对反演精度的影响。结果表明：温度在约35 km以上存在明显正偏差,高纬度的最大,中纬度次之,低纬度最小。水汽反演误差在约4 km以下明显增大,低纬度的最大,中纬度次之,高纬度最小。有云存在时,需要去除云的吸收作用,否则温度和水汽会出现明显的正偏差。上述研究为进一步发展LEO-LEO掩星探测计划提供了理论参考依据。     

稀释气体流量对低压化学气相沉积硼掺碳涂层的影响

以BCl3-C3H6-H2为气相反应体系,采用低压化学气相沉积制备硼掺碳涂层.研究了Ar气稀释流量对硼掺碳涂层沉积速度、形貌、组成和键合状态的影响.结果表明,不同稀释气体流量作用下,硼掺碳的沉积速度没有明显变化,产物形貌由致密向层状转变,硼元素含量稍有减少而碳元素含量稍有增加.沉积产物中B元素的键合方式以B-sub-C和BC2O为主.结合化学反应和气体扩散,探讨了稀释气体的作用机制,表明PyC形成反应的主导作用导致稀释气体流量对沉积速度作用不明显,而BCl3和C3H6在Ar气中扩散系数的差异导致产物形貌和组成发生变化.     

化学气相沉积工艺制备SiC涂层

利用化学气相沉积工艺制备了SiC涂层，对涂层进行了SEM及XRD分析，考察了温度，载气和稀释气体对涂层微观结构的影响；对不同基体进行了对照试验。在1100℃－1300℃沉积时，随着温度的升高，SiC涂层积速度加快，SiC颗粒变大，同时颗粒间的孔隙也变大，涂层的致密度降低，Ar流量相对小时，制备的涂层致密，光滑。以SiCp/SiC作基体时，涂层和基体结合得很牢固，SiC颗粒会向基体中渗透，从而增强了涂层和基体之间的结合力。     

EBPVD 金属/陶瓷微层复合材料的研究与应用

介绍了电子束物理气相沉积(EBPVD)法制备微层复合材料的优点，详述了其四种不同材料体系的设计思想，同时对制备金属／陶瓷微层复合材料的具体气相沉积技术进行了介绍。     

化学气相沉积法制备铼管的研究

采用化学气相沉积方法研制成功我国第一只铼管(φ12.5mm×30mm),研究了铼管的组织结构和其他性能.金相及扫描电镜观察表明,化学气相沉积法制备的铼材基本无缺陷,密度接近理论值;维氏硬度测量值高于加工态工业铼片.化学气相沉积是一种制备铼管的可行且有效的方法.     

C/C复合材料致密化制备技术发展现状与前景

综述了C／C复合材料致密化制备技术，分析比较了化学气相渗透工艺、液相浸渍工艺及化学液－气相沉积工艺的优缺点。认为化学气相沉积工艺在过去一些年中发展很快，但它的工艺周期长；液相浸渍工艺繁杂，其浸渍炭化和石墨化工序需反复多次（通常4－6次），因此其效率也比较低；而液－气相沉积工艺周期短、效率高，很有发展潜力，当前急需开展该沉积技术原理的研究及改进其实验设施。     

FY-2C星辐射定标及其结果分析

介绍了风云二号(FY-2)C星发射前后红外与水汽波段的地面真空辐射定标、星上黑体定标和地面辐射校正场定标,以及可见光波段的地面太阳定标、积分球定标、地面辐射校正场定标和太阳像的原理与方法.给出了C星不同波段不同定标法的结果.分析表明,C星采用的定标方法均有效,并互为补充和验证.为进一步提高定标精度,还可对环境温度模拟、二次曲线拟合、减小积分球定标误差和光谱响应等作相应的改进.     

Development of a micro-balance system for dust and water vapour detection in the Mars atmosphere

Quartz crystal piezoelectric sensors are suitable for deposition analyses that need very high sensitivity. Due to the wide working ranges and high performances, micro-balances can measure the mass settling in average Mars conditions during a period of months before saturation is reached. This ensures a proper use for short and long term water and dust deposition monitoring. Micro-balances have been studied, calibrated and used for the GIADA (grain impact analyser and dust accumulator) experiment for the ESA-Rosetta space mission. Experience on micro-balance performance study by dust deposition has been acquired and water vapour deposition studies are in progress in a Martian atmosphere simulation chamber. Preliminary results show that micro-balances are capable to detect up to partial pressure values corresponding to parts per billion of the typical Martian atmosphere.     

Variability and climatology of precipitable water vapor from 12-year GPS observations in Taiwan

Because of global warming, global sea levels have risen, the frequency of drought in Taiwan is much more frequent in winter and spring, and rainfall tends to concentrate in summer. The probability of disaster-type weather has also increased significantly. Estimating precipitable water vapor (PWV) through GPS signals, related studies and analyses of weather conditions, and the effective use of meteorological forecasts have been valued by many meteorological research organizations and officials. In this study, PWV data from 2006 to 2017 and rainfall data were used for long-term harmonic analysis. PWV data calculated by ECMWF (ECMWF-PWV) and PWV data calculated by GPS (GPS-PWV) were subjected to regression analysis to verify the reliability of the GPS-PWV data. The research results show that GPS-PWV and ECMWF-PWV have extremely high correlations; however, the climatic characteristics of some regions and the high spatial resolution of GPS-PWV are able to accurately calculate the high topographic relief of small areas. It is judged that the GPS-PWV is more accurate than the ECMWF-PWV. It is worth noting that the PWV trend of the regions during the 6-year-before period has not changed very much, but the rainfall trend has changed obviously. Except for the eastern region, most of the regions show a decreasing trend year by year. More long-term observations are still needed to prove whether this phenomenon relates to global warming. Long-term rainfall analysis showed that the topography blocked water vapor to the western, southern, and mountainous regions, making them distinctly wet or dry. The harmonic curve showed great consistency with the peaks of PWV and rainfall. However, in the northern and eastern parts of the windward side, the time when maximum rainfall occurred each year may be one month later than the time when the maximum PWV value occurred each year. The reason for this difference is likely to be a decrease in the number of autumn typhoons, resulting in a nearly one-month difference in PWV peaks and rainfall peaks. Finally, we analyzed the linear trend of GPS-PWV and temperature for all regions in Taiwan, and found that annual increasing rate of GPS-PWV and temperature of all regions are within 0.4–0.5 mm/year and 0.04–0.11 C°/year, respectively.