掺杂硅再结晶石墨微观结构及其性能的研究

用煅烧石油焦作填料、煤沥青作粘结剂、硅粉作添加剂 ,采用热压工艺制备了一系列不同质量配比的掺杂硅再结晶石墨。考察了不同质量配比的添加硅对再结晶石墨的热导率、电阻率和抗弯强度的影响以及微观结构的变化。结果表明 :与相同工艺条件下制备的纯石墨材料相比较 ,掺杂硅再结晶石墨的导热导电性能均有较明显的提高 ,而力学性能却有所降低。与纯石墨材料相比较 ,当硅掺杂量为 4wt%时 ,再结晶石墨电阻率可降低 2 5 % ;而当硅掺杂量超过 4wt%时 ,对再结晶石墨的电阻率影响不大。室温下 ,RG-Si-6再结晶石墨的层面方向热导率可达 3 2 5 W/ (m·K)。微观结构分析表明 ,随着硅掺杂量的增加 ,石墨微晶的石墨化度以及微晶尺寸均增大 ,晶面层间距 d0 0 2 降低。原料中掺杂硅量为 6wt%时 ,再结晶石墨的石墨化度为 94.3 % ,微晶参数 La/为 1 94nm。 XRD分析表明 ,硅元素在再结晶石墨中以 α-Si C的形式存在。硅对再结晶石墨制备过程的催化作用可以用碳化物分解机理来解释     

Oxygen concentration variation in ullage influenced by dissolved oxygen evolution

To determine the oxygen concentration variation in ullage that results from dissolved oxygen evolution in an inert aircraft fuel tank, the CFD method with a mass transfer source is applied in the present study. An experimental system is also designed to evaluate the accuracy of the CFD simulations. The dissolved oxygen evolution is simulated under different conditions of fuel load and initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert fuel tank with stimulations of heating and pressure decrease. The increase in the oxygen concentration in ullage ranges from 0.82% to 5.92% upon stimulation of heating and from 0.735% to 12.36% upon stimulation of a pressure decrease for an inert ullage in the simulations. The heating accelerates the release of the dissolved oxygen from the fuel by increasing the mass transfer rate in the mass transfer source and decreasing the pressure, thereby accelerating the dissolved oxygen evolution by increasing the concentration difference between the gas and the fuel. The time constant that represents the oxygen evolution rate is independent of the initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert tank but depends closely on the fuel load, temperature and pressure. The time constant can be fitted using a polynomial equation relating the fuel load to temperature in the heating stimulation with an accuracy of 4.77%. Upon stimulation of a pressure decrease, the time constant can be expressed in terms of the fuel load and the pressure, with an accuracy of 5.02%.     

Theory and Simulation of Reconnection

Reconnection is a major commonality of solar and magnetospheric physics. It was conjectured by Giovanelli in 1946 to explain particle acceleration in solar flares near magnetic neutral points. Since than it has been broadly applied in space physics including magnetospheric physics. In a special way this is due to Harry Petschek, who in 1994 published his ground breaking solution for a 2D magnetized plasma flow in regions containing singularities of vanishing magnetic field. Petschek’s reconnection theory was questioned in endless disputes and arguments, but his work stimulated the further investigation of this phenomenon like no other. However, there are questions left open. We consider two of them – “anomalous” resistivity in collisionless space plasma and the nature of reconnection in three dimensions. The CLUSTER and SOHO missions address these two aspects of reconnection in a complementary way -- the resistivity problem in situ in the magnetosphere and the 3D aspect by remote sensing of the Sun. We demonstrate that the search for answers to both questions leads beyond the applicability of analytical theories and that appropriate numerical approaches are necessary to investigate the essentially nonlinear and nonlocal processes involved. Necessary are both micro-physical, kinetic Vlasov-equation based methods of investigation as well as large scale (MHD) simulations to obtain the geometry and topology of the acting fields and flows.     

SiC／Al复合材料的电阻率

探讨了用电阻法测量SiC/Al复合材料中纤维体积分数的可能性。同时,还研究了该复合材料经不同温度下处理后电阻率的变化。结果表明,只要将实测SiC/Al复合材料的电阻率乘以0.95,用电阻法确定其纤维体积分数是可行的。在873K以下处理SiC/Al复合材料后其电阻率无明显变化。在873K以上处理后其电阻率明显升高,表明用电阻法分析和判断SiC/Al复合材料中的界面反应是可能的。     

充填俄制网状聚氨酯泡沫燃油箱的燃油冲刷静电实验研究

俄制战斗机燃油箱中广泛充填开孔弹性聚氨酯泡沫，在飞机加油过程中泡沫与燃油冲击摩擦会产生静电并可能发生静电荷的积聚，使燃油带上高电压值静电，因此有可能发生静电火花放电，威胁飞机安全。为此参照美军标MIL—F-87260中的静电燃油冲刷实验，对俄制网状聚氨酯泡沫材料的静电特性进行了初步探讨，并提出了相关意见。     

Ag包覆弹性体微球的制备及其电性能

采用置换反应法和化学沉积法制备了微米级镀Ag丙烯酸酯橡胶（ACM）微球，研究了镀Ag导电弹性体微球的电性能。结果表明：置换反应法通过对微球基体先化学镀铜再置换镀Ag，能够得到镀层均匀致密、包覆完善的镀Ag弹性体微球；所制备镀Ag微球的体积电阻率随外加压力及温度的升高，均呈现规律性降低，并且不受热循环的影响，表明所制备的镀Ag导电弹性体微球具有一定的弹性、热膨胀性以及良好的热稳定性。     

基于工程应变的轴对称塑性大变形几何方程及其应用

从工程线应变和工程切应变的物理概念出发，根据“轴对称”和“大变形”的特点，推导出相应的几何方程，另导出大变形条件下的体积不变定律。与现有“有限变形”条件下的几何方程相比，不但更为精确，而且其表达形式在具体应用中更为简单。在一些典型的工艺问题中，将小变形条件下导出的几何方程应用于大变形情况也可能得出非常好的结果，不但运算简单方便，而且其精度还优于“有限变形”条件下的几何方程。     

基于TLBM-FVM耦合的飞行器舱内热环境跨尺度预测方法

舱内热环境的有效预测是优化飞行器热控与防热设计、减小系统冗余并保障飞行器热安全的重要基础。在国家数值风洞（NNW）工程支持下,针对目前舱内热环境多尺度、多机制复合传热特点及其数值预测面临的精度与效率提升难题,发展了多区域协同推进的时空耦合模型及流/固界面的自适应分辨率识别算法,建立了基于热格子Boltzmann方法（TLBM）与有限体积法（FVM）相互耦合的舱内复合传热跨尺度预测方法,开展了典型飞行器仪器舱的综合热分析,验证了耦合方法的计算精度及效率。研究表明,相关方法可实现舱内热环境的局部精细化与整体大规模的协同模拟,用于开展整体自然对流与设备局部热量传递的多尺度数值模拟,掌握不同环境参数对舱内热质传递过程的影响规律,从而为飞行器热防护/热管理一体化设计提供重要技术支撑。     

Microstructure evolution of a hypereutectic Nb–Ti–Si–Cr–Al–Hf alloy processed by directional solidification

In this work, the Nb–14Si–24Ti–10Cr–2Al–2Hf–0.1Y alloy(at.%) was processed by the liquid–metal-cooled directional solidification(DS) at 1750 C with withdrawal rates of 1.2, 6,18 mm/min and post heat treatment(HT) at 1450 C for 10 h. The microstructures of the directionally solidified and heat treated samples were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified alloy mainly consists of petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics and Ti-rich Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics. With the increase of withdrawal rate, the primary Nb5Si3is eliminated, Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectic cells turn round and connected with the microstructure refinement and Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics turn to a river-like morphology. After heat treatment,Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics disappeared and petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics turn to a specific fiber-mesh structure gradually, which is promoted by higher withdrawal rates. Furthermore,both the volume fraction of Cr2Nb and the content of Cr in Nbssof Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics change regularly with the increase of withdrawal rate and heat treatment at 1450 C for 10 h.     

航天用FR4 材料的本征电导率测试

介质材料电导率是影响卫星充电过程的重要材料参数,它决定着航天器上电荷的分布状态以及电流平 衡建立的快慢。常规的电导率测量方法完全不考虑空间真实带电环境,其测试结果用于卫星带电防护设计将会产生 较大的误差。本文建立了用传统三电极法和电荷衰减法测试介质材料本征电导率的测试系统,对卫星常用的FR4 材 料进行了测试,测试结果与国外的结果相近。