直升机旋翼粘弹性阻尼器性能试验的实现

本文在分析了粘弹性阻尼器的结构和工作原理后,着重描述了粘弹性阻尼器性能试验的技术方法。     

直升机旋翼多层层压黏弹阻尼器多参数动力学建模与分析

针对基于柔性多体系统动力学的直升机旋翼系统动力学建模方法的要求,结合嵌入式多层层压黏弹阻尼器结构特点,建立了基于内变量理论的嵌入式多层层压黏弹阻尼器时域模型.通过引入多层内变量场,改善模型在较宽应变幅值范围和激振频率范围内计算阻尼器动特性及双频激振下动特性的能力.在阻尼器建模过程中考虑了嵌入式多层层压黏弹阻尼器中金属隔片的影响,引入温度传递函数考虑了阻尼器在工作过程中温度上升对黏弹材料的影响,提高了阻尼器模型的精度.通过计算分析与实验结果相比较,验证了阻尼器模型在不同应变幅值、激振频率以及双频激振下的有效性,为直升机旋翼气弹分析计算提供了一种嵌入式多层层压黏弹阻尼器模型.      

一种用于垂直降落重复使用运载器的缓冲器性能分析

以对称分布四腿支柱式垂直降落重复使用运载器为研究对象,基于一种新型油液-蜂窝式多级缓冲器,建立了计及地面弹塑性变形的运载器软着陆过程动力学模型,并给出了运载器着陆时的五种临界着陆工况。以前四种着陆工况为基础对多级缓冲器进行了缓冲参数协调分析,在此基础上以翻倒极限着陆工况为基础重点研究了多级缓冲器缓冲参数对着陆稳定性能的影响。研究表明多级缓冲器中油孔面积、活塞杆直径和阻尼阀调节弹簧预紧力等油液缓冲参数对蜂窝压溃载荷的选取有着显著影响,同时以上参数的合理选择可以有效增加运载器的着陆稳定性能。     

基于整机振动响应模型的转子支承阻尼分析与试验

以某型航空发动机为例,建立了该发动机整机振动系统模型,对影响整机振动响应的不同结构挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD）建模方法进行重点分析,并通过多位置-多传感器稳定工况振动响应试验验证了模型的准确性。利用整机振动系统模型计算及对该型发动机的滑油中断试验,讨论了燃气发生器前支点（No.1支点）与自由涡轮后支点（No.3支点）处挤压油膜阻尼值对发动机稳定工况振动响应的影响,得出了该发动机整机振动响应随No.1支点油膜阻尼值增大而先减小后增大,随No.3支点油膜阻尼值增大而减小,并且可以通过适当减小No.1支点处挤压油膜阻尼值,实现发动机在最大连续工况下整机振动总量减小43.4%。      

卫星大挠性桁架结构振动抑制试验研究

研究大型挠性空间桁架结构(LFST)的振动抑制问题.基于LFST特性,设计一套空间桁架试验系统.针对LFST具有大挠性、低刚度和低阻尼等特性,设计并研制一种圆柱式剪切型粘弹性阻尼器,给出具有粘弹性阻尼器的桁架阻尼杆的动力学模型.分别利用有限元方法和试验分析方法,对空间桁架的模态频率、模态阻尼比以及瞬态激励响应进行仿真和试验分析.结果表明应用这种阻尼器,桁架结构系统的第一阶模态阻尼比从0.49%增大到13.1%,其他各阶模态阻尼比也都有所增加.     

涡轮泵环形颗粒阻尼器设计

设计了一种用于液体火箭发动机涡轮泵减振的环形颗粒阻尼器。为研究颗粒阻尼器的减振性能,基于有限元法建立了附加颗粒阻尼器以及不加颗粒阻尼器的涡轮泵模型,计算过程中采用结构阻尼系数来描述颗粒阻尼器的阻尼特性。仿真结果表明．颗粒阻尼器能够显著降低涡轮泵的振动,并且对涡轮泵的动态特性影响很小。     

适于时变幅值分析的直升机黏弹减摆器模型

针对现有适于宽幅值范围的黏弹减摆器模型一般含有动幅值参量,不便用于幅值变化的直升机旋翼/机体耦合动稳定性时域分析的问题,给出了小摆振阻尼比时,黏弹减摆器在单频及双频条件下动幅值参量的计算方法,运用该方法计算系统在收敛、中性稳定及发散3种情况下的幅值曲线,较好地反映了响应幅值在时域上的变化趋势。将改进的黏弹减摆器模型用于直升机地面共振非线性时域分析,为准确获取旋翼摆振后退型响应,给出了所需桨叶激振力矩的计算方法,在不同转速不同复模量状态下,采用该方法确定的激振力矩对桨叶进行激振激出的响应幅值与预期值误差不超过6%。对摆振后退型响应进行分析可知,系统稳定时,与线性化结果相比,计入黏弹减摆器非线性后,旋翼摆振后退型响应衰减更快,其模态阻尼在时域上呈增加趋势。      

挤压式磁流变弹性体阻尼器-转子系统的振动特性试验

 磁流变(MR)弹性体是一种由铁磁颗粒和橡胶或凝胶混合而成的磁流变固体材料,其明显优点是颗粒不会随时间而沉降,也不需要密封装置。研制了一种自定心挤压式磁流变弹性体阻尼器,并测试了支承在该阻尼器上的柔性转子系统的不平衡响应特性。试验发现,随着磁场强度增加,磁流变弹性体阻尼器的阻尼和刚度明显增大;转子系统的一阶临界转速明显提高,二阶临界振动可被抑制。采用开关控制能抑制转子通过两阶临界转速过程中的振动。研究表明,挤压式磁流变弹性体阻尼器能用于转子振动主动控制,并具有结构简单、性能稳定、控振效果明显等特点。     

Rotordynamic characteristics prediction for scallop damper seals using computational fluid dynamics

Enhancing damping characteristic is one of the effective methods to solve the instability problem of the rotor system. The three-dimensional numerical analysis model of scallop damper seal was established, and the effects of inlet pressures, preswirl ratios, rotational speeds, interlaced angles and seal cavity depths on the rotordynamic characteristics of scallop damper seal were studied based on dynamic mesh method and multi-frequencies elliptic whirling model. Results show that the direct stiffness of the scallop damper seal increases with decreasing inlet pressure and increasing rotational speed and cavity depth. When the seal cavity is interlaced by a certain angle, which shows positive direct stiffness. The effective damping of the scallop damper seal increases with the increasing inlet pressure, the decreasing preswirl ratio and the rotational speed and cavity depth. There exists an optimal interlaced angle to maximize the effective damping and the system stability. The leakage of the scallop damper seal is significantly reduced with decreasing inlet pressure. The preswirl will reduce the leakage flowrate, and the rotational speed has a slight effect on the leakage performance. The leakage of the scallop damper seal decreases with increasing seal cavity depth.     

A visco-elastoplastic constitutive model of aircraft polymethylmethacrylate related to strain rate and temperature

The visco-elastoplastic mechanical behavior related to the applied strain rate and temperature around the glass transition temperature of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been systematically investigated. The uniaxial tensile test was performed at strain rate and temperature rangs 1.0 × 10⁻⁴–1.0 × 10⁻² s⁻¹ and 363–393 K, respectively, and the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) test was carried out between 363 K and 413 K at various frequencies. Moreover, the robust complex constitutive model considering the temperature and strain rate effect is proposed. A nonlinear viscoelastic model is established to describe the viscoelastic response on the basis of the Zhu-Wang-Tang (ZWT) model and the time temperature equivalence principle, including the dependence of strain rate and temperature. Considering the yield stress, the cooperative model is adopted. The viscoplastic mechanical response is manifested as the competition performance of the softening deformation and hardening behavior. The predicted mechanical responses maintain good consistency with the experimental results, indicating that the visco-elastoplastic constitutive model proposed can accurately predict the mechanical behavior of PMMA materials within the imposed strain rate and near the glass transition temperature range.