高速自然超空泡射弹阻力特性试验研究

为了研究水下高速自然超空泡射弹的阻力特性,针对带有圆盘空化器的多锥体射弹模型,设计了多种结构参数的射弹模型,进行了高速射弹从空气射入水中形成超空泡的试验。通过对试验数据的分析和处理,得到了不同空化数、不同空化器直径以及不同射弹长细比对射弹阻力系数的影响。试验结果表明：在空化器直径和射弹长细比不变的情况下,随着空化数的增加,射弹阻力系数变化很小;在空化数和射弹长细比不变的情况下,随着空化器直径的增加,射弹阻力系数增大;在空化数和空化器直径不变的情况下,随着射弹长细比的增加,射弹阻力系数减小。试验结果为进一步研究高速超空泡射弹的水动力特性和水下弹道特性提供了参考。     

绕水翼超空化阶段汽液混合体动态特性的实验观测

为深入了解超空化流动机理,采用高速录像和数字粒子图像测速系统（DPIV）对绕hydronautics水翼的超空化流场进行了观测。结果表明：在两相共存超空化阶段,水汽混合相和汽相的分布决定了超空化区域速度场和涡量场的分布特性;水汽混合区的速度相对较低,而汽相区则与主流区有着相近的速度分布,而且空化区与主流区交界面处有着较大的速度梯度;在水汽混合区与主流区的交界处形成了上下涡带,其涡量分布表现出了明显的时间依赖性。     

复合式离心泵汽蚀特性的数值模拟与试验分析

为研究某型航天离心泵汽蚀特性,基于Mixture多相流模型与汽蚀模型相结合对长短复合叶轮离心泵内乙二醇水溶液进行不同的进口负压下汽液两相定常数值模拟并进行不同进口压力下的汽蚀性能特性试验,结果表明汽化区域随进口负压的增大而扩大。当进口负压在-50kPa,泵进出口压差在155kPa,已经接近额定压差的3%限制范围,此时离心泵的出口压力105kPa为临界汽蚀出口压力;进口负压到-60kPa时,出口流量突变为300L/h,该泵产生临界汽蚀状态,小于技术要求的最小进口压力10kPa,因此该泵在其工作范围内不会发生汽蚀现象,并证得本文数值模拟的可靠性。     

Surface strengthening and grain refinement of AZ31B magnesium alloy by ultrasonic cavitation modification

Ultrasonic cavitation modification (UCM) employs cavitation effect to induce strong plastic deformation on the material surface and improve surface properties. To explore the surface strengthening and grain refinement of materials by UCM, the UCM orthogonal experiments of AZ31B magnesium alloy were carried out in water and kerosene, respectively. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude, distance from the sample, and processing time on Vickers hardness and grain size of the material were studied. The results showed that the Vickers hardness of samples increased to 1.5–3 times after UCM in water, which was 23.77–48.19% higher than that in kerosene. The metallographic observation indicated the grains on the surface of AZ31B were refined after UCM. The maximum fluctuation of grain size on the material surface was not more than 10 μm after UCM in water, and most of them were concentrated between 1.5 μm and 2.5 μm, while the former was more than 40 μm and the latter were concentrated between 2 μm and 10 μm in kerosene. This reflected that the grain refinement effect of UCM in water was better than that in kerosene. Ultrasonic cavitation can be used as a benign means to improve the surface properties of materials.