线性可调汽蚀文氏管设计与数值仿真研究

可调汽蚀文氏管是变推力火箭发动机实现推进剂流量和推力大范围调节的关键部件.在设计线性可调汽蚀文氏管模型的基础上,采用基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程的混合流体模型,进行了相关的数值分析.计算结果表明：设计的线性可调汽蚀文氏管可以实现流量的大范围调节,并且流量与调节锥行程呈线性变化关系,满足设计要求.     

带螺旋静叶诱导轮的气蚀性能

为了分析带螺旋静叶诱导轮的内部流动规律,利用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对带螺旋静叶诱导轮进行了仿真计算,研究了其扬程特性和气蚀性能。结果显示,安装螺旋静叶后,使诱导轮的扬程得到很大提升,但是因为螺旋静叶流道中回流较强,增大了回流损失,导致效率下降。随着诱导轮入口压力降低,带螺旋静叶诱导轮的气蚀区域受离心力作用,沿径向发展,由于堵塞螺旋静叶流道,推迟了诱导轮流道的堵塞时间,从而使诱导轮的气蚀性能得到改善。      

热力学效应对低温诱导轮旋转汽蚀影响的数值研究

诱导轮是液体火箭发动机中提高涡轮泵性能的关键部件,而旋转汽蚀是引起诱导轮故障的原因之一。低温液体发生汽蚀时会产生大量的潜热,对汽蚀流动产生重要的影响。利用基于Rayleigh—Plesset方程的混合流体模型,并考虑了汽蚀热力学效应,对诱导轮二维叶栅中的低温旋转汽蚀现象进行了数值分析。计算结果表明,考虑热力学效应时,产生旋转汽蚀的入口压力值下降;低温条件下的温度变化对超同步旋转汽蚀没有影响,而对次同步旋转汽蚀影响显著。     

Electrochemical Behavior of Oxide Films of Stainless Steel in 40 kHz Sonicated Sulphate Electrolytes

This paper describes effects of 40 kHz ultrasound on the oxide films of stainless steel in sulphate electrolytes so as to determine the transmitted power and to characterize mass transfer and peak current density on the electrode surface. Emphasis was mainly laid on electrochemical oxidations and peeling mechanism of oxide films in sonicated sulphate solutions (0.5 and 1.0 mol/L). Polarization voltammetry, current response traces and SEM analysis were carried out in order to provide full information as to oxide films surface. Results shows that the rate of electrochemical oxidation, the shape of polarization curves and the surface micrographs in sonicated sul- phate electrolytes are different from those obtained without introduction of ultrasound. It is concluded that ultrasound can change the electro-chemical behavior of oxide films by its cavitaion effects, which would produce transient mechanical impulsive force and enhance electrochemical reactions.     

绕水翼超空化阶段汽液混合体动态特性的实验观测

为深入了解超空化流动机理,采用高速录像和数字粒子图像测速系统( DPIV)对绕hydronautics水翼的超空化流场进行了观测.结果表明:在两相共存超空化阶段,水汽混合相和汽相的分布决定了超空化区域速度场和涡量场的分布特性;水汽混合区的速度相对较低,而汽相区则与主流区有着相近的速度分布,而且空化区与主流区交界面处有着较大的速度梯度;在水汽混合区与主流区的交界处形成了上下涡带,其涡量分布表现出了明显的时间依赖性.     

Impact of gravitation on gaseous pollutant source identification

 It is necessary to identify a gaseous pollutant source rapidly so that prompt actions can be taken, but this is one of the difficulties in the inverse problem areas. In this paper, an approach to identifying a sudden continuous emission pollutant source based on single sensor information is developed to locate a source in an enclosed space with a steady velocity field. Because the gravity has a very important influence on the gaseous pollutant transport and the source identification, its influence is analyzed theoretically and a conclusion is drawn that the velocity of fluid is a key factor to effectively help weaken the gravitational influence. Further studies for a given 2-D case by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method show that when the velocity of inlet is less than one certain value, the influence of gravity on the pollutant transport is very significant, which will change the velocity field obviously. In order to quantitatively judge the practical applicability of identification approach, a synergy degree of the velocity fields before and after a source appearing is proposed as a condition for considering the influence of gravity. An experimental device simulating pollutant transmission was set up and some experiments were conducted to verify the practical application of the above studies in the actual gravitational environment. The results show that the proposed approach can successfully locate the sudden constant source when the experimental situations meet the identified conditions.     

三种空化模型在氧泵诱导轮中的计算分析

为探索不同空化模型对氧泵诱导轮的适应性,选取Schnerr&Sauer,Zwart及Singhal三种空化模型对氧泵诱导轮进行数值模拟,将三种不同流量系数(ψ=0.9,ψ=1.0及ψ=1.1)下每个计算结果与实验数据进行对比,发现Schnerr&Sauer和Zwart两种模型预测空化外特性变化趋势更加接近实验值,其中Schnerr&Sauer模型在空化发生段的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好.Schnerr&Sauer和Zwart两种模型在ψ=1.0的临界空化数与实验值误差为2.9％,在ψ=1.1的临界空化数与实验值误差为8.7％,Singhal模型计算结果偏差较大.三种空化模型在计算叶片压力分布上比较相近,在计算叶栅及流道气泡数分布上,由于Schnerr&Sauer和Zwart模型都考虑了气泡数密度的影响,而Singhal模型仅考虑了气泡运动,计算的气泡分布较低;综合考虑外特性及内流场计算结果,Schnerr&Sauer更适应于诱导轮空化计算.     

诱导轮空化对流固耦合应力分析的影响

采用ANSYS FLUENT软件仿真计算了某型号液体火箭发动机诱导轮在空化情况下的流场压力分布情况,之后将其流体压力分布引入ANSYS Workbench中,利用单向流固耦合技术进行了该诱导轮的有限元静应力分析,获取了空化及非空化情况下诱导轮的叶片应力分布,分析了空化对诱导轮应力分析结果的影响。     

液体火箭发动机泵的POGO气蚀动特性试验研究

为获取液体火箭发动机泵的POGO动特性参数,围绕泵的气蚀动特性开展了一系列试验研究。首先描述了试验系统,阐述了试验原理;其次,以泵入口0.5 MPa工况为例,介绍了试验数据的分析过程;最后,结合试验数据给出了气蚀柔度、动态增益等动特性参数的试验结果。结果表明,在泵入口压力0.25～0.86 MPa范围内,无量纲气蚀柔度约为0.6～2,动态增益主要集中在2～5,最高达到13。     

螺旋离心泵的汽蚀性能研究

以150×100LN-32型螺旋离心泵为研究对象,对其汽蚀方程、汽蚀条件和控制方程进行了分析。采用CFD软件Fluent,选用标准k-ε模型,对螺旋离心泵的汽蚀过程进行了模拟,找出了最容易发生汽蚀的部位。从泵汽蚀基本方程式出发,通过对螺旋离心泵的结构和汽蚀结果进行分析,指出其汽蚀部位最容易发生汽蚀的原因和其具有低的必须净正抽吸压头,即抗蚀性。