基于光强测量毛细超高压水射流集束性的实验研究

准确划分射流集束段和雾化段是研究射流集束性的前提。设计了一种基于光强定量测量集束性的方法。基于该方法对具有尖锐边缘孔口和类流线型出口流道的喷嘴,在超高压喷射条件下形成的水射流结构形态进行分析,并与直柱型出口流道喷嘴射流对比分析。结果表明:光强测量法能够比较准确地划分射流集束段和雾化段,区分雾化段中核心区和气液混合区;毛细超高压水射流的集束性在雷诺数影响下由喷嘴孔口结构、出口流道结构的综合作用决定;在一定雷诺数范围内,具有尖锐边缘孔口和类流线型出口流道的喷嘴有良好的集束性,当雷诺数达到1.8×104~1.9×104时,射流集束段长度趋于恒定;喷嘴出口流道结构通过气流调节,对射流集束性的影响在高雷诺数下可以忽略,空气动力扰动在高雷诺数下对射流集束性影响程度显著降低。     

热水火箭发动机喷管内流场数值模拟

为了更好地了解热水火箭发动机的工作特性,建立了热水火箭发动机喷管流动的数值计算模型,并通过算例进行验证。通过对发动机喷管内部流场的研究,发现收敛段中压力首先降到初始温度对应的饱和压强,然后继续降低,并且在喉部的位置开始发生相变,从而使流动变为气液两相流,而且喷管出口处气相体积分数高达99%以上;由于变声速的原因,可以使两相流的流动在喉部之后达到超声速;把喷管的流动分为三个过程:单向流动过程、降压闪蒸过程和膨胀加速过程,与常规的化学能火箭发动机相比有类似性,但是由于闪蒸相变的存在,使其存在一定的复杂性。     

A new weighted mean temperature model in China

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been applied in meteorology to monitor the change of Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) in atmosphere, transformed from Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD). A key factor in converting the ZWD into the PWV is the weighted mean temperature ($T_m$), which has a direct impact on the accuracy of the transformation. A number of Bevis-type models, like $T_m-T_s$ and $T_m-T_s\text{,}{P}_s$ type models, have been developed by statistics approaches, and are not able to clearly depict the relationship between $T_m$ and the surface temperature, $T_s$. A new model for $T_m$, called weighted mean temperature norm model (abbreviated as norm model), is derived as a function of $T_s$, the lapse rate of temperature, δ, the tropopause height, $h_{\mathit{trop}}$, and the radiosonde station height, $h_s$. It is found that $T_m$ is better related to $T_s$ through an intermediate temperature. The small effects of lapse rate can be ignored and the tropopause height be obtained from an empirical model. Then the norm model is reduced to a simplified form, which causes fewer loss of accuracy and needs two inputs, $T_s$ and $h_s$. In site-specific fittings, the norm model performs much better, with RMS values reduced averagely by 0.45 K and the Mean of Absolute Differences (MAD) values by 0.2 K. The norm model is also found more appropriate than the linear models to fit $T_m$ in a large area, not only with the RMS value reduced from 4.3 K to 3.80 K, correlation coefficient $R^2$ increased from 0.84 to 0.88, and MAD decreased from 3.24 K to 2.90 K, but also with the distribution of simplified model values to be more reasonable. The RMS and MAD values of the differences between reference and computed PWVs are reduced by on average 16.3% and 14.27%, respectively, when using the new norm models instead of the linear model.     

多级涡轮多工况气动优化设计研究

采用将准三维设计和多级局部优化联合的多级涡轮多工况气动优化设计流程对某三级航空发动机涡轮进行多级气动优化设计.优化联合采用人工神经网络和遗传算法对各列叶栅进行三维局部优化,流场计算采用全三维粘性流N-S方程求解.通过优化设计,改善了各列的性能,并对各列间参数进行了优化匹配,两种工况的总效率均提高1%,总流量基本不变,总体性能提高,达到设计要求.      

有限元仿真模拟在超声喷水无损检测用水套设计中的应用

水套在超声喷水穿透检测中具有重要作用,为设计出具有良好耦合效果的水套,减少水流紊流对声波耦合的影响,本文通过构建探头套几何模型、物理建模、数值求解的有限元仿真方法对探头水套进行流体动力学仿真。结果表明,在无整流装置下,从入水口射入的水流撞击探头套内壁,产生严重紊流,进入出水管后,紊流状态仍然保持,水流流线方向杂乱。增加整流装置后,探头套内紊流得到很好的抑制,使得进入出水管的水流流线方向趋向一致,这种现象随着整流片增多而效果越加明显。本文为后续模拟水流经过出水口后的水柱状态,特别是随着初始水流速度加大后的水柱状态,以及利用有限元多物理场模拟功能,在加入声场后,模拟紊流状况下声场的变化打下了基础。     

磁絮凝在餐饮废水中的应用研究

以COD去除率作性能参数,考察了几种复合磁絮凝剂在高、低二种浓度餐饮废水中的絮凝效果。研究结果表明:与普通絮凝剂相比,采用复合磁絮凝剂处理餐饮废水不仅能大大缩短分离时间、减少污泥体积,还能提高絮凝效果。     

Review on ultra-lightweight flapping-wing nano air vehicles:Artificial muscles,flight control mechanism,and biomimetic wings

Flying insects are capable of flapping their wings to provide the required power and control forces for flight. A coordinated organizational system including muscles, wings, and control architecture plays a significant role, which provides the sources of inspiration for designing flapping-wing vehicles. In recent years, due to the development of micro-and meso-scale manufacturing technologies, advances in components technologies have directly led to a progress of smaller Flapping-Wing Nano Air V...     

Periodic event-triggered formation control for multi-UAV systems with collision avoidance

In this paper, periodic event-triggered formation control problems with collision avoidance are studied for leader–follower multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Firstly, based on the Artificial Potential Field (APF) method, a novel sliding manifold is proposed for controller design, which can solve the problem of collision avoidance. Then, the event-triggered strategy is applied to the distributed formation control of multi-UAV systems, where the evaluation of the event condition is continuous. In addition, the exclusion of Zeno behavior can be guaranteed by the inter-event time between two successive trigger events have a positive lower bound. Next, a periodic event-triggered mechanism is developed for formation control based on the continuous event-triggered mechanism. The periodic trigger mechanism does not need additional hardware circuits and sophisticated sensors, which can reduce the control cost. The stability of the control system is proved by the Lyapunov function method. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.     

Effect of the continental shelf in seasonal oceanographic conditions at the Northern edge of the Eastern Tropical Pacific

The continental shelf in front of Nayarit is located in the northern limit of the tropical Eastern Pacific, characterized by constituting a convergence zone of different masses of water, forming an area of significant hydrographic variability. Based on satellite remote sensing data and reanalysis between 2003 and 2019 of sea surface temperature (SST), wind stress, Ekman velocity, and geostrophic velocity, the contribution of the seasonal cycle to the variability of the study area were analyzed through climatological means, Hovmöhler diagrams, and Empirical Orthogonal Functions. The results show that in the zone in front of Matanchén Bay (21.5 °N) and the adjacent continental shelf, there is a core of warm surface water. The distribution of the SST is explained by the seasonal pattern of meridional/zonal variability in the thermal gradient, where the EOFs show the influence of the annual scale in both modes, with the only difference being that the first describes the meridional gradient as the dominant signal (66.2%), and the second shows the zonal behavior of the thermal gradient (16.6%). The summer weakening of the wind stress and Ekman speed is the product of the irregular shape of the coastline, the extension of the continental shelf, and the divergence of the North American monsoon around 21°N, whereas during the rest of the year an intensification of these parameters prevailed in front of Cabo Corrientes. On the other hand, the intense geostrophic flow in summer does not contribute to the increase in SST on the continental shelf because it diverges around 22.5°N. Likewise, during the winter, the formation of a cyclonic geostrophic gyre located inside the continental shelf, between the coast and the Marías Islands, stands out.     

1种节能环保带喷射泵的排气引射器设计方案

提出了1种新式带喷射泵的排气引射器设计方案。通过计算表明，在高空模拟试验台中应用带有喷射泵的引射器，可以将湿燃气中的水蒸气冷凝分离出来，减少次流流量，降低排气温度，大幅度提高燃气总压，从而提高引射系数，并可实现无污染排放。