Green UAV communications for 6G: A survey

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have received a wide range of attention for military and commercial applications. Enhanced with communication capability, UAVs are considered to play important roles in the Sixth Generation (6G) networks due to their low cost and flexible deployment. 6G is supposed to be an all-coverage network to provide ubiquitous connections for space, air, ground and underwater. UAVs are able to provide air-borne wireless coverage flexibly, serving as aerial base stations for ground users, as relays to connect isolated nodes, or as mobile users in cellular networks. However, the onboard energy of small UAVs is extremely limited. Thus, UAVs can be only deployed to establish wireless links temporarily. Prolonging the lifetime and developing green UAV communication with low power consumption becomes a critical challenge. In this article, a comprehensive survey on green UAV communications for 6G is carried out. Specifically, the typical UAVs and their energy consumption models are introduced. Then, the typical trends of green UAV communications are provided. In addition, the typical applications of UAVs and their green designs are discussed. Finally, several promising techniques and open research issues are also pointed out.     

时钟模型辅助的惯性/卫星紧组合导航算法研究

针对卫星信号受到遮挡或者干扰、卫星接收机收星数不足的问题,提出了一种时钟模型辅助的惯性/卫星紧组合导航算法。通过正常紧组合状态下的钟差、钟漂估计值建立钟差和钟漂的数学模型,在可见卫星少于4颗时,用时钟模型计算得到的钟差和钟漂作为系统钟差、钟漂的真实值引入观测信息中,并省去状态变量中的钟差和钟漂项,增加了系统的可观测性。最后,通过采集跑车试验数据进行了离线数据仿真试验。试验结果表明,提出的时钟模型辅助的惯性/卫星紧组合导航算法在可见卫星不足的情况下取得了良好的效果。     

车载大型遥测天线新型方舱开盖机构的设计

随着航天遥测任务对机动性和防护性要求越来越高，车载大型遥测天线开始尝试安装在方舱内，运输时可以收藏防护，工作时可以展开，并要求在车辆运动过程中进行工作，实现通信要求。方舱开盖机构是作为消除风沙雨雪等环境负载影响、改善工作条件、提高车载大型遥测天线可靠性的一项重要举措。开盖机构能够自动开启和闭合，满足大型遥测天线工作需求，收藏状态能够对大型遥测天线起到防雨、防尘和防撞击等防护作用。由于大型遥测天线尺寸跨距大，又受铁路、公路运输的限制，导致常用的开盖机构设计空间受限制，并大幅增加了方舱开盖机构防护难度。针对上述问题，介绍了一套车载大型遥测天线新型方舱开盖机构的设计，将舱顶的顶板从左右方向分为两块，左右翻转打开。为了完全不影响天线的工作，方舱左右壁上部的立板也随着顶板一起翻转，顶板和立板翻转后，均与左右舱壁贴合，保证开盖机构打开后，整车宽度尺寸不影响车辆的公路运输性。该开盖机构采取电动推杆和钢丝绳绞盘方式进行自动开盖和闭合，并对机构进行力学分析计算、电动推杆和钢丝绳绞盘选型确认。新型方舱开盖机构既实现了方舱顶盖的自动开启和闭合，又满足了大型遥测天线的车辆运输和运动过程中的通信要求，有效实现防护功能，实际应用效果良好。