Do drones have a realistic place in a pandemic fight for delivering medical supplies in healthcare systems problems?

The advancement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology in terms of industrialprocesses and communication and networking technologies has led to an increase...     

等离子推进无人机的电空气动力学研究

针对一种新兴的等离子推进无人机概念开展其电空气动力学研究，并通过数值仿真论证等离子推进系统作为无人机主推力系统的可行性。等离子推进无人机的飞行原理是利用一种非对称高压电极组电晕放电实现空气电离，并通过高压电场实现离子加速，从而产生推力推动无人机飞行。相比于传统无人机，等离子推进无人机具有较低机械疲劳、飞行噪音小和能量利用效率高的优点。本文完成了等离子推进无人机组成设计，并对单等离子推进器和等离子推进无人机整体电空气动力学进行了理论研究和数值仿真。单等离子推进器数值仿真结果表明，随着工作电压的升高，单位长度推进器所能产生的推力单调递增。且在相同施加电压情况下，等离子推进器电极间隙越小，所能产生的推力越大。等离子推进无人机飞行仿真结果表明，通过优化等离子推进器结构，施加足够高的电极组电压，等离子推进无人机能够实现稳定飞行。     

Battery package design optimization for small electric aircraft

The increasing gross weight of electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) poses a challenge in practical applications. The range and endurance of the electric UAV are limited by the fixed mass of the battery package. In this work, a design optimization method for the battery package topology of small electric UAV is proposed to enhance the performance. To improve the accuracy of the method, the dynamic battery model and simplified electric component models are presented. These models are utilized by the trajectory optimization method, which takes the dynamic characteristic into consideration to calculate the aircraft performance. The direct optimal control method is used for solving the trajectory optimization problem, and this method is tested on a small blended-wing-body electric aircraft. The test result shows that the range and energy-consumption are mainly influenced by the parallel topology of the battery package, while the flight time in climb phase is more sensitive to the series topology. It is deduced that the range- and energy-optimal design points can be considered concurrently in design optimization. The work proves the feasibility of integrating the trajectory optimization and battery package design.     

Assessment of the suitability of public mobile data networks for aircraft telemetry and control purposes

This paper provides a review of the state of the art of relevant work on the use of public mobile data networks for aircraft telemetry and control proposes. Moreover, it describes the characterisation for airborne uses of the public mobile data communication systems known broadly as 3G. The motivation for this study was to explore how this mature public communication systems could be used for aviation purposes. An experimental system was fitted to a light aircraft to record communication latency, line speed, RF level, packet loss and cell tower identifier. Communications was established using internet protocols and connection was made to a local server. The aircraft was flown in both remote and populous areas at altitudes up to 8500 ft in a region located in South East Queensland, Australia. Results show that the average airborne RF levels are better than those on the ground by 21% and in the order of −77 dbm. Latencies were in the order of 500 ms (1/2 the latency of Iridium), an average download speed of 0.48 Mb/s, average uplink speed of 0.85 Mb/s, a packet of information loss of 6.5%. The maximum communication range was also observed to be 70 km from a single cell station. The paper also describes possible limitations and utility of using such communications architecture for both manned and unmanned aircraft systems.     

某型无人机数据通信系统设计与实现CSCD

为了实现无人机系统的飞行操纵和机载任务设备控制,设计了数据通信系统。介绍了系统基本工作原理和主要功能组成,并对数据通信系统的功能要求和技术指标进行了分析,按照基本功能单元,对系统软硬件进行了模块化、组合化设计。飞行试验表明该设计达到了系统技术指标要求,满足系统对数据通信系统的功能性要求。     

A multiple-rendezvous,sample-return mission to two near-Earth asteroids

We propose a dual-rendezvous mission, targeting near-Earth asteroids, including sample-return. The mission, Asteroid Sampling Mission (ASM), consists of two parts: (i) flyby and remote sensing of a Q-type asteroid, and (ii) sampling of a V-type asteroid. The targeted undifferentiated Q-type are found mainly in the near-Earth space, and to this date have not been the target of a space mission. We have chosen, for our sampling target, an asteroid from the basaltic class (V-type), as asteroids in this class exhibit spectral signatures that resemble those of the well-studied Howardite–Eucrite–Diogenite (HED) meteorite suite. With this mission, we expect to answer specific questions about the links between differentiated meteorites and asteroids, as well as gain further insight into the broader issues of early Solar System (SS) evolution and the formation of terrestrial planets. To achieve the mission, we designed a spacecraft with a dry mass of less than 3 tonnes that uses electric propulsion with a solar-electric power supply of 15 kW at 1 Astronomical Unit (AU). The mission includes a series of remote sensing instruments, envisages landing of the whole spacecraft on the sampling target, and employs an innovative sampling mechanism. Launch is foreseen to occur in 2018, as the designed timetable, and the mission would last about 10 years, bringing back a 150 g subsurface sample within a small re-entry capsule. This paper is a work presented at the 2008 Summer School Alpbach,“Sample return from the Moon, asteroids and comets” organized by the Aeronautics and Space Agency of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency. It is co-sponsored by ESA and the national space authorities of its Member and Co-operating States, with the support of the International Space Science Institute and Austrospace.     

无人机神经网络动态逆控制器设计研究

针对无人机动态逆控制器存在的明显缺陷,采用在线神经网络对逆误差进行补偿,设计了神经网络动态逆控制器.构造了一种单隐层神经网络结构,证明了整个闭环系统的稳定性,给出了稳定的在线神经网络权值调整算法.通过仿真验证了该方案的鲁棒性、对故障的适应性以及在作动器纯延时下的响应性能,证明了在线神经网络对动态逆控制器具有明显的改善作用.对于无人机先进飞行控制系统的设计研究具有重要的参考价值.     

面向无人机蜂群的航电云多层任务调度模型

在航空作战体系中，基于航电云的无人机（UAV）蜂群作战是提高未来无人机综合作战能力的一种新模式。针对无人机蜂群作战的航电云架构，如何将云端作战任务派发到无人机且保证作战任务完成时间是其中关键。在无人机蜂群分层分簇网络结构和模块级资源虚拟化的基础上，对传统单层平台级任务调度模型进行改进，提出了一种细化到模块级的多层任务调度模型，将作战任务从云端逐层调度到无人机功能模块上执行。利用OMNeT++对无人机蜂群多层任务调度模型以及传统的单层任务调度模型分别进行仿真，云端以攻击使命组为例构建使命组集进行分配，并对任务吞吐量、消息平均端到端延时和任务完成时间进行性能对比。仿真结果表明：与平台级单层任务调度相比，在执行任务方面，模块级多层任务调度模型将单个任务平均完成时间降低了46.2%，将使命组完成时间降低了52.1%，在保证任务吞吐量的基础上具有对复杂任务更稳定的调度能力；在网络性能方面，模块级多层任务调度模型消息端到端延时更低，延时分布更集中，提高了网络消息传输的实时性。     

地形跟踪制导中数字表面模型的研究

分析研究了数字表面模型(DSM)在飞行器地形跟踪制导中的应用，提出了一种大地坐标下和高斯坐标下DSM建模的新方法。在此基础上分析了DSM模型纵横断面采样间距对孤立障碍物的影响，分析定义了DSM模型下飞行器掠地飞行的最小安全高度。仿真试验表明，在地形跟踪制导技术中采用数字表面模型DSM比采用数字高程模型DEM有更强的制导适应性。     

动态战场环境中无人机航迹规划方法研究

采用距离变换方法对动态战场环境中无人机航迹规划问题进行研究。改进了距离变换扩散过程的计算方法，使其能够以更快的速度对大范围复杂环境进行处理。针对战场环境中航迹规划的特点，在考虑航程代价的基础上，提出了基于代价的距离变换方法，将敌方威胁等因素的影响作为风险代价集成到距离变换过程中。通过对威胁值进行设置，规划时可以根据任务态势在航程代价和风险代价间实现协调以满足不同的战术要求。仿真结果表明该方法是一种有效的航迹规划方法。