基于振动模型的呼吸运动估计与伪影反卷积校正

PET／CT图像的呼吸运动伪影严重影响胸腹部肿瘤的诊断与治疗计划的制定。现有的伪影校正方法大都涉及呼吸门控设备和四维CT的使用,不仅给测试带来不便,还让患者遭受大剂量的CT照射从而对其造成额外伤害。为此,采用正弦振动来模拟呼吸运动,通过对仿真和体模图像倒谱的Radon变换来估算呼吸运动的幅度和方向,然后分别采用维纳滤波、约束最小二乘法和Richardson—Lucy迭代算法,根据估计的运动参数对伪影图像进行反卷积并比较它们的去伪影结果。仿真与体模实验结果均显示出模拟呼吸运动参数估计和伪影校正的良好结果．且方法安全、简便而经济,有望用于常规采集的静态PET图像呼吸伪影校正。     

剪切气流驱动液滴运动的受力分析

实验研究了剪切流驱动的液滴在固体表面上起始运动的受力机理.工作中使用一系列液体和固体表面来获得不同的液滴接触角,并在小型风洞中进行实验.实验中对液滴的启动气流速度进行了测量,并综合各种起始时刻的参数信息,建立了一个关于液滴接触线表面张力和剪切气流拖拽力平衡的数学模型,揭示了液滴脱落时刻的受力情况.所建立的模型更适合液滴1变形情况,但对于其它类似情况的剪切气流驱动液滴运动也能够进行合理的描述.     

沙粒蠕移运动速度测量及其统计分析

对大气边界层风洞中沙粒蠕移运动进行了高速光学测量并获取了数字图像序列.经过非负图像减法、自动阈值法及双向粒子追踪算法的依次运算,提取了足量的有效蠕移运动轨迹.从轨迹信息中获取了蠕移速度并进行统计分析,结果表明了以起动方式划分的两种蠕移运动的比重特性及其随摩阻风速的变化规律:流体起动蠕移代表整个蠕移运动的稳定变化部分,而碰撞起动蠕移代表动态变化部分;随着摩阻风速增大,前者比重减小,后者比重增大;在摩阻风速超过临界值之后,蠕移运动的主导形式从流体起动转化为碰撞起动.     

三维动态失速模型在风力机气动特性计算中的应用

为了适应风力机叶片的大展弦比、旋转和只有单侧叶尖涡的特点,对已建立的适用于小展弦比直机翼的三维动态失速模型进行了一系列的修正,然后用于风力机三维非定常气动特性计算。该动态失速模型所必须的气动输入参数将由动量叶素理论方法计算得到。本文将动量叶素理论、三维动态失速模型、三维旋转效应模型适当耦合起来,获得了风力机叶片的三维非定常气动特性计算方法。应用上述方法计算得到了不同工况下的风力机叶片各截面的非定常气动载荷结果,并与风洞实验结果以及用二维动态失速模型计算的结果进行比较,对计算方法和计算结果进行了详细的分析和讨论。本文模型相比于二维模型,能够更好地仿真风力机叶片的三维动态失速气动特性,尤其在叶片外部截面效果更佳。     

Uncertainties and effects on geocenter motion estimates from global GPS observations

Global positioning system (GPS) observations can be used to estimate the geocenter motion, but are subjected to large uncertainties and effects due to uneven distribution of GPS stations and high-degree aliasing errors. In this paper, uncertainties and effects on geocenter motion estimates from global GPS observations are investigated and assessed with different truncated degrees and selected GPS network distributions based on different plate motion models, including NUVEL-1A, MORVEL56 and ITRF08. Results show that the selected GPS stations have no big effects on geocenter motion estimates based on different plate motion models, while large uncertainties are found at annual and semi-annual components when using different truncated degrees. Correlations of geocenter motion estimates from selected GPS networks with GRACE and SLR are better with truncated degree 3, and higher truncated degrees will degrade geocenter estimates. Smaller RMS also shows better results with the truncated degree 3 and the NUVEL1A has the worse results because more GPS sites are eliminated. For annual signal with truncated degree 3, four GPS strategies can reduce annual amplitudes by about 29.2% in X, 5.6% in Y, and 27.9% in Z with respect to truncated degree 1. Annual phases of all GPS solutions from MORVEL56 and ITRF08 are almost close to the GRACE solution with truncated degrees from 3 to 10, while the semi-annual signals are relatively weaker for all cases.     

The dynamical environments analysis of surface particles for different shaped asteroids

Asteroids are coming to be a popular topic in the areas of astrophysical studies and deep space exploration recently. However, surface dynamics of asteroids is still a difficult problem. This paper aims at the motion analysis of surface particles for different asteroids. The dynamical analysis method of particles’ movement is given for three parts: global motion trend, local motion trend and static analysis. A dimensionless parameter ζ is defined to distinguish the predominant term to determine the distribution of effective potential. Three kinds of common asteroids: spheroidal asteroid, spindle-shaped asteroid and dumbbell-shaped asteroid are all discussed for those three parts with different parameter ζ. The motion trend of particles on the surface of each kind of asteroid is given. The static analysis of surface particles for different asteroids is also illustrated. Based on them, some common rules for different shaped asteroids are revealed. This paper could not only provide a reference for asteroid exploration missions but also be meaningful for the research of morphologic evolution of asteroids.     

民用飞机高升力系统设计中安全性评估方案研究

民用飞机安全性评估工作是实现飞机适航性的有效方法之一。本文基于民用飞机系统安全性设计评估的思路和方法,以某型高升力系统为例,通过对“襟翼不对称运动过限”失效工况开展功能危害性分析及故障树分析,得到了影响系统安全性设计的关键因素。通过对关键因素进行改进设计,最终得到能够满足安全性目标的系统方案。     

六自由度电动平台电动缸附加运动误差量化分析

六自由度电动平台通过六个电动缸的协调伸缩和旋转运动,结合上下铰链的两自由度转动,实现上平台在三维空间的六自由度运动.由于电动缸通过螺旋副实现缸杆的直线运动,其直线运动与旋转运动之间存在螺旋关系,因此缸杆相对于缸筒的被动转动会引起缸杆的附加直线运动,从而对六自由度电动平台的位姿精度产生影响.针对六自由度电动平台进行了运动学分析.在此基础上进一步计算了电动缸在平台运动过程中产生的被动螺旋附加运动,并对该运动引起的误差进行了量化分析.仿真结果表明,在六自由度电动平台运动过程中产生的被动螺旋附加运动误差达到毫米数量级,将会对平台的位姿精度产生显著影响.对于高精度运动平台来说,必须研究补偿算法对其进行补偿.     

Spinning solar sail orbit steering via spin rate control

The orbit of a solar sail can be controlled by changing the attitude of the spacecraft. In this study, we consider the spinning solar power sail IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun), which is managed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The IKAROS attitude, i.e., the direction of its spin-axis, is nominally controlled by the rhumb-line control method. By utilizing the solar radiation torque, however, we are able to change the direction of the spin-axis by only controlling its spin rate. With this spin rate control, we can also control indirectly the solar sail’s trajectory. The main objective of this study is to construct the orbit control strategy of the solar sail via the spin-rate control method. We evaluate this strategy in terms of its propellant consumption compared to the rhumb-line control method. Finally, we present the actual flight attitude data of IKAROS and the change of its trajectory.     

姿态运动对落舱微重力的影响研究

本文采用试验的均匀设计方法，结合对气动力矩的理论估算，利用计算机仿真，研究了姿态运动对落舱微重力水平的影响．结果表明，在落舱下落的前60s内，要想保持优于10(－3)g数量级的微重力水平，以满足一般科学实验的要求，则必须安装姿态控制系统．