仪表级复合材料在惯性仪表中的应用进展

铝基复合材料是近年来发展起来的一类先进工程材料,具有高的比强度和比模量,特别是这些复合材料各向同性,并且具有比Be更高的抗微小变形的能力和优异的尺寸稳定性,另外,还可以对这些材料进行热膨胀系数设计以便和其他材料匹配。由于这些材料可以大批量、稳定制备,且可以精密加工成复杂形状,使它们成为惯性仪表构件的理想材料。本文综述了近年来,惯性领域中仪表级复合材料国内外的应用研究现状,讨论了仪表级复合材料应用对惯性仪表精度提高所产生的积极作用。     

双酚A型环氧树脂的阳离子光固化体系的研究

通过研究光引发剂、光敏剂和链转移剂等对双酚A型环氧树脂阳离子光固化的影响,确定了双酚A型环氧树脂光固化体系的配方组成。利用湿法手工铺叠工艺和紫外光辐照固化技术,制备了玻璃布/双酚A型环氧树脂复合材料,研究了光敏剂和链转移剂等对光固化复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:可利用紫外光辐射固化成型技术制备玻璃布/双酚A型环氧树脂复合材料,加入链转移剂的光敏树脂基复合材料具有良好的力学性能。     

空间环境对漫反射板的影响

光学系统在空间环境条件下的衰变对卫星遥感仪器探测精度有重要影响．漫反射板是星载光学遥感仪器辐射定标的重要工具．本文通过对ＡＤＥＯＳ／ＴＯＭＳ和Ｅａｒｔｈ Ｐｒｏｂｅ／ＴＯＭＳ仪器馒反射板漫反射率衰变特性的比较，分析研究了原子氧和太阳紫外辐射对漫反射板的影晌．结果表明，太阳紫外辐照和原子氧剥蚀引起的漫反射板反射率衰变系数分别为０．０００４９／ｈ和１．２ × １０－１７ｃｍ２，但在卫星入轨初期，太阳紫外辐照的影响可增加约４倍．     

紫外探测器光谱响应及噪声测量装置

介绍了紫外探测器相对光谱响应、绝对光谱响应、噪声测量装置,给出了测量结果,并进行了测量不确定度分忻。     

Search for organic molecules at the Mars surface: The “Martian Organic Material Irradiation and Evolution” (MOMIE) project

The life on Mars remains an open question because of the lack of proof of its past emergence and its current presence. The only indices of a potential Martian life were provided by the Viking Landers, and the study of the Martian meteorite ALH84001 discovered in the Antarctic. In the two case, the results of experiments could be explained either by the presence of life forms or by abiotic processes. The recent data of Mars Express orbiter and Mars Exploration Rovers show different proofs of a past environment favourable for life. Among the targets we seek, the organic molecules are primordial because they are necessary to the origin of life. A key question is to know if they are present, in which concentration and under which form. Within the framework of a search for organic, we are developing an experimental setup simulating as close as possible the environmental conditions of Mars surface in order to determine how organic species evolve. We present here the first step of the development of this experiment which focuses on the study of the impact of the solar UV radiations reaching the Mars surface on glycine. First results show that glycine does not resist if directly exposed to UV radiations.     

紫外后向散射探测臭氧总量的反演误差研究

通过探测紫外后向散射获取臭氧总量目前已经成为臭氧总量探测的主要方法之一. 本文以模拟计算为主要方法, 从模式计算误差, 反演算法误差和仪器误差三方面着手, 对影响臭氧总量反演精度的各个参数进行分析研究, 并对由其引起的臭氧总量反演误差进行定量计算, 研究结果对臭氧总量反演精度的提高和实际观测资料的处理有着重要的指导意义.      

基于紫外敏感器的卫星自主导航方法研究

研究了卫星利用CCD紫外敏感器进行自主轨道确定的方法。敏感器通过地球紫外图像提供地心方向矢量及姿态误差信息进而确定卫星轨道。采用Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法,对紫外敏感器测量精度、姿态误差、部分轨道参数以及地球模型对导航精度的影响进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明本方法具有较高的定轨精度,其导航误差主要取决于紫外敏感器测量精度和卫星姿态误差。     

充气型紫外光敏管降噪研究

充气型紫外光敏管噪声过大是紫外火警探测系统最难克服的问题。本文从器件制造和使用的角度分析了影响紫外光敏管噪声的重要因素,探讨了降噪措施:制造工艺方面,采用高纯度金属镍基阴极材料和保持阴极表面质量良好,充分老化器件,选择高纯度氢气为主充气体并控制充入氦气比例不高于15%;使用方面,降低器件工作电流和工作电压可进一步减小器件噪声。最后采用锁相放大进行噪声测试,在120ms内,测得紫外光敏管噪声电压均值为0.0065V,测试不确定度为7.4%;在无外界紫外照射下,经脉冲计数,测得单位时间内紫外光敏管累积输出噪声脉冲为10cpm,显著降低器件噪声。     

自来水中的TOC、UV254和浊度的相关性研究

通过应用回归分析方法,对西安市某水厂的出水、管网中间水和管网末梢水的TOC、UV254和浊度的监测数据进行了相关性分析。结果表明：随着供水管网的延长,浊度和UV254的线性相关系数明显增加;随着供水管网的延长,浊度和TOC的线性相关系数明显降低。     

Degradation of thermal control materials under a simulated radiative space environment

A spacecraft with a passive thermal control system utilizes various thermal control materials to maintain temperatures within safe operating limits. Materials used for spacecraft applications are exposed to harsh space environments such as ultraviolet (UV) and particle (electron, proton) irradiation and atomic oxygen (AO), undergo physical damage and thermal degradation, which must be considered for spacecraft thermal design optimization and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the effect of synergistic radiation on some of the important thermal control materials to verify the assumptions of beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) properties. Studies on the degradation in the optical properties (solar absorptance and infrared emittance) of some important thermal control materials exposed to simulated radiative geostationary space environment are discussed. The current studies are purely related to the influence of radiation on the degradation of the materials; other environmental aspects (e.g., thermal cycling) are not discussed. The thermal control materials investigated herein include different kind of second-surface mirrors, white anodizing, white paints, black paints, multilayer insulation materials, varnish coated aluminized polyimide, germanium coated polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE). For this purpose, a test in the constant vacuum was performed reproducing a three year radiative space environment exposure, including ultraviolet and charged particle effects on North/South panels of a geostationary three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Reflectance spectra were measured in situ in the solar range (250–2500 nm) and the corresponding solar absorptance values were calculated. The test methodology and the degradations of the materials are discussed. The most important degradations among the low solar absorptance materials were found in the white paints whereas the rigid optical solar reflectors remained quite stable. Among the high solar absorptance elements, as such the change in the solar absorptance was very low, in particular the germanium coated polyimide was found highly stable.