太阳活动与全球气候变化

太阳不断向地球辐射电磁波和粒子, 太阳辐射是地球气候系统最主要的能量来源. 地球气候系统对太阳活动的响应是一个复杂的过程, 包括辐射过程、动力学过程以及微观物理过程等. 根据太阳辐射的卫星观测结果和重建结果, 例举了古气候、温度、大气环流和云量等方面太阳影响气候的观测证据, 论述了太阳影响气候的三种可能机制, 即太阳总辐射变化可以影响地表温度, 并通过海-气耦合改变大气环流; 太阳紫外辐射通过调制平流层的温度和风场影响下面的对流层; 太阳通过行星际磁场调制银河宇宙线, 而银河宇宙线通过电离大气影响云量, 进而改变地球的能量收支.      

UV镜对摄影测量精度的影响及消除方法研究

针对摄影测量中加入UV镜后对测量结果的影响问题进行了研究。通过理论推导UV镜对于像点坐标偏移的影响,得出UV镜对像点偏移的影响规律,并提出采用自检校光束法平差的方法消除UV镜对像点偏移的影响,实验证明本文得出的对UV镜产生的像点偏移规律的分析及解决方法都是正确的。     

合成仪器体系架构与关键技术研究

合成仪器技术作为下一代自动测试系统中的一项关键技术,在装备综合保障中占据重要地位。介绍了合成仪器的基本概念、体系架构及特点,详细论述分析了合成仪器中涉及的包括信号调理、ADC/DAC、数据处理器与总线、系统软件等关键技术及实现,并展望了合成仪器的发展前景。     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

GEO卫星热控涂层αS退化空间综合环境模拟试验

文章用综合低能辐照试验模拟15年地球同步轨道环境对热控材料S781白漆、SR107-ZK白漆、镀银FEP、OSR片的太阳吸收率退化趋势。有机白漆有严重退化,而OSR和 镀银FEP材料退化较少。通过与飞行试验结果比较,证明了本次模拟试验的有效性。通过利用退化趋势的试验数据,应用最小二乘法获得退化数学模型。二次指数退化模型与4种材料退化曲线符合较好。更长试验时间结果可以通过数学模型外推的方法获得。经试验验证,用8年试验数据外推15年数据误差不超过1%。     

D/H and Nearby Interstellar Cloud Structures

Analysis of UV spectra obtained with the HST, FUSE and other satellites provides a new understanding of the deuterium abundance in the local region of the galactic disk. The wide range of gas-phase D/H measurements obtained outside of the Local Bubble can now be explained as due to different amounts of deuterium depletion on carbonaceous grains. The total D/H ratio including deuterium in the gas and dust phases is at least 23 parts per million of hydrogen, which is providing a challenge to models of galactic chemical evolution. Analysis of HST and ground-based spectra of many lines of sight to stars within the Local Bubble have identified interstellar velocity components that are consistent with more than 15 velocity vectors. We have identified the structures of 15 nearby warm interstellar clouds on the basis of these velocity vectors and common temperatures and depletions. We estimate the distances and masses of these clouds and compare their locations with cold interstellar clouds.     

The Genesis Solar Wind Concentrator Target: Mass Fractionation Characterised by Neon Isotopes

The concentrator on Genesis provided samples of increased fluences of solar wind ions for precise determination of the oxygen isotopic composition. The concentration process caused mass fractionation as a function of the radial target position. This fractionation was measured using Ne released by UV laser ablation and compared with modelled Ne data, obtained from ion-trajectory simulations. Measured data show that the concentrator performed as expected and indicate a radially symmetric concentration process. Measured concentration factors are up to ∼30 at the target centre. The total range of isotopic fractionation along the target radius is 3.8%/amu, with monotonically decreasing ²⁰Ne/²²Ne towards the centre, which differs from model predictions. We discuss potential reasons and propose future attempts to overcome these disagreements.     

TiO2基紫外探测器的制备及退火工艺对光电性能的影响

采用磁控溅射方法,通过不同工艺的退火处理,制备了光电性能优良的TiO2基紫外探测器.通过紫外光电性能测试、扫描电子显微镜( SEM)观察及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,研究了退火工艺对探测器光电性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着退火温度的增加,TiO2晶粒尺寸显著增大,晶界和缺陷数量的变化是导致TiO2基紫外探测器的光电性能随退火工艺变化的根本原因.经500℃/2h退火后,紫外探测器的光电流高出暗电流近2.5个数量级,紫外波段的光响应高出可见光波段近2个数量级,所制备紫外探测器达到了高辐射灵敏度和可见盲特性的要求.     

太阳紫外辐射对星上光学膜层的影响

光学遥感是当前卫星遥感的重要手段, 而卫星温控和能源系统也广泛采 用光学膜层, 它们在空间环境条件下的性能对卫星应用任务的完成, 乃至卫星寿命、安全将起着非常重要的作用. 本文给出了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学膜层影响的主要机制, 分析了这一影响的主要规律和原子氧剥蚀、高能粒子和静电场的作用, 综述了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学系统表面膜层影响的测量结果, 最后提出了星上光学膜层污染防护中应重点关注的几个方面.      

过氧化氢/紫外线/臭氧氧化技术处理肼类污水的应用

采用放大试验规模（处理量1 m³/h）的H₂O₂（过氧化氢）/UV（紫外线）/O₃（臭氧）氧化技术处理肼类推进剂污水,在30.0±1.6 ℃,pH=9.0±0.2的条件下,研究肼类的过氧化氢增强光解臭氧化降解。对比不同氧化技术的协同效应以及对污水降解的影响,重点考察过氧化氢、紫外线、臭氧和初始浓度等工艺参数对降解效果的影响,对氧化技术的应用进行了优化。研究结果表明：该技术可使COD去除率提高27.66%,肼类的降解速率随着过氧化氢投加量、紫外线辐射强度、O₃投加速率和水质地提高而升高,随着初始质量浓度的提高而下降。在最佳工艺下,处理5 000 mg/L质量浓度的废水,处理60 min时,COD去除率分别为98.62%（偏二甲肼）、99.17%（甲基肼）、99.94%（肼）和93.25%（单推-3）。