航空发动机叶片叶缘随形磨抛刀路规划

航空发动机叶片是整机核心零件,其制造量占到30%以上。叶片叶缘具有大弯扭复杂曲面、薄壁圆角半径微小渐变、精度要求苛刻等特征,末端工序磨抛的精度和品质直接决定整机的性能与寿命。人工仍然是叶片叶缘磨抛的主要手段,然而粉尘危害健康、经验依赖性强、零件一致性差等不足决定了自动化磨抛是必然趋势。叶片叶缘自动化磨抛多采用砂轮横磨或纵磨的刀路规划方式,存在刀路不连续且分行密集、力控制困难等不足,易造成叶缘局部过切,难以保证圆角轮廓创成。为此,建立了砂带包络叶缘的螺旋进给力控磨抛工艺,提出了面族与复杂曲面高阶切触的随形磨抛路径规划方法,实现了叶片叶缘的宽行高效磨抛。首先对叶缘区域进行横磨刀路规划,然后依照圆弧拟合曲线原理进行高阶切触式包络段再规划,最后进行横纵混合磨抛路径规划实现螺旋式连续进给。针对航空发动机叶片开展仿真和实验验证,结果表明所提出的方法相比于传统的横磨或纵磨方法,可将刀触点减少78.8%,轮廓精度由-0.06~+0.07 mm提高到-0.015~+0.05 mm,表面粗糙度由R_a>3.2 μm提高到0.175 μm,并且有效保证了叶缘轮廓形状,避免了过切现象。     

Performance evaluation of creep feed grinding of γ-TiAl intermetallics with electroplated diamond wheels

This paper evaluates the performance of creep feed grinding γ-TiAl intermetallic (Ti-45Al-2Mn-2Nb) using electroplated diamond wheels. Firstly, a comparative analysis with the grinding results by using electroplated CBN wheels was conducted, mainly involving abrasive wheel wear behavior and maximum material removal rate below surface burn limit. It was found that the diamond wheel would produce much better grinding results including lower wheel wear rate and higher maximum material removal rate. Then the surface integrity obtained at different level of material removal rate was characterized with the utilization of the diamond wheel. The poor ductility of this γ-TiAl intermetallic material was found to have a marginal effect on the surface integrity, as no severe surface defects such as material pullout were generated during the stable wheel wear stage. For the involved operating parameters, a deformation layer was produced with ∼10 μm or more in thickness depending on the material removal rate used. Meanwhile, a work-hardened layer extending to more than 100 μm was produced with a maximum microhardness of above 520 HV_0.05 (bulk value 360 HV_0.05). The residual stress remained compressive, with a value of above −100 MPa and even up to −500 MPa for an elevated material removal rate. Shearing chip was the main chip type, indicating good wheel sharpness in the grinding process.     

Anhydrous based shear-thickening polishing of KDP crystal

Based on the special physical–chemical characteristics of optical crystal in the field of aeronautics, a new anhydrous based shear-thickening polishing (ASTP) method has been proposed to restrain deliquescence and to improve physical properties for KDP machining. The ultra-precision polishing of KDP crystal is completed by ASTP. A kind of anhydrous based thickening polishing slurry (ATPS) was proposed in our work, and high-performance rheological properties were determined to achieve the ASTP of KDP crystal. A material removal model of ASTP in KDP machining is established, followed by the verification experiment of the prediction model. The maximum error of the predictive model is only 9.8%, which proves the validity of the material removal model for KDP polishing. The polishing experiments were carried out on the polishing platform developed by ourselves. The results show that the new polishing method can polish 20 mm × 20 mm × 5 mm KDP crystal and obtain a super-smooth surface with a surface roughness of 1.37 nm and high shape accuracy. The surface accuracy of polished KDP crystal reaches up to 0.68λ (RMS). The experimental results show that the ASTP is a potential ultra-precision machining method for KDP crystal.     

Effect of laser-discrete-quenching on bonding properties of electroplated grinding wheel with AISI 1045 steel substrate and nickel bond

To improve the bonding strength between the nickel bond and the hub of the electroplated diamond grinding wheel, a hybrid technique was proposed to combine laser pre-quenching steel substrate and post-electroplating nickel. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, AISI 1045 substrate was nickel-coated. The bonding properties between the electroplated nickel coating and substrate with or without laser-discrete-quenching were discussed comparatively by scratch, indentation, and thermal shock tests. The results show that the pre-quenching treatment leads to phase transformation of AISI 1045 microstructure from the mixed pearlite and ferrite phases into the martensitic phase. Since the martensitic phase is characterized as a high corrosion resistance, the interface of substrate/coating is smooth and flat in the pre-quenched zone, and the coating is bonded well with the steel substrate. In contrast to the steel substrate without pre-quenching treatment, the proposed technique significantly enhanced the bonding strengths of the electroplated nickel-coating. On one hand, the average hardness of electroplated nickel-coating on the laser pre-quenched zone is increased by 18.7%, and the scratch depth with the same load become narrower and shallower. On the other hand, the coefficient of friction (CoF) and the vibration amplitude are reduced, and the coating is bonded effectively with the substrate to inhibit the crack initialization at the interface. This prevents effectively the coating from peeling off and improves significantly the thermal shock resistance property.     

ELID超精密镜面磨削过程中磨削力变化规律的试验分析

通过对ＥＬＩＤ磨削过程中磨削力变化规律的试验分析,并对试验结果进行了讨论,得出ＥＬＩＤ磨削力与磨削深度、磨粒粒度、磨削时间等之间的变化规律。     

磨料有序排布钎焊金刚石砂轮磨削硬质合金的性能研究

通过优化排布金刚石磨料研制出钎焊单层金刚石端面砂轮.以硬质合金为加工对象,研究了该砂轮的磨削性能.结果显示连续干磨时,金刚石磨粒的失效形式主要是磨耗磨损和断裂两类,没有出现传统的电镀和烧结工具磨粒大量脱落的现象.这表明钎料合金对磨粒的高强度把持和砂轮的高耐用度.此外,工件的磨削表面获得了良好的粗糙度,理论预测的粗糙度数值和试验数值基本一致.     

磨粒磨损对砂带磨削TC17表面完整性的影响研究

砂带磨粒磨损直接影响磨削表面质量进而影响构件综合服役性能.以表面完整性为评估指标,对砂带磨损前后钛合金的表面加工质量进行了试验研究,揭示了砂带磨粒磨损对磨削TC17表面粗糙度、残余应力和表面硬度的影响规律及机制.结果表明,磨粒磨损后由于高度均匀化、单位面积切削磨粒数增加、磨削深度减小,使得表面粗糙度减小、纹理均匀细腻,...     

K417合金缓进磨削烧伤表面形貌及形成机理

本文在严格控制的实验条件下,建立了磨削弧区温度同试件表面烧伤色之间的对应关系;并以扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPA)等较为先进的测试仪器为手段详细研究了K417镍基铸造高温合金缓进磨削中表面为正常、淡黄、黄褐、紫褐以及紫黑等深浅不同的色斑时诸试件表面形貌特征和对应的砂轮表面形貌特征,揭示了K417材料缓磨中表面形貌的变化特征及其形成机理。测试结果表明,K417材料缓磨表面出现烧伤色斑时,磨粒与试件材料之间存在粘结现象;试件表面出现粘结滞留的涂覆物。随表面烧伤色层次的加深,磨粒与试件材料之间的粘结越普遍、越严重,试件表面涂覆程度亦越强烈。当出现紫黑色斑时,表面还伴有微裂纹出现。     

复合电加工修整金刚石砂轮的机理研究

金属结合剂金刚石砂轮广泛应用于硬脆材料的精密和超精密削加工,虽然金属结合剂金刚石砂轮具有优良的磨削性能,但是砂轮的修整问题却始终难以解决。本文提出了一种新的修整方法,即放电－电解修整法,对复合整机理进行了研究,并介绍了修整参数地放电电流及电解电流的影响,工艺实验的结果表明,电解电火花复合修整法能够实现金属结合剂金刚石砂轮高精度高效率的修整,具有良好的应用前景。     

缓进给断续磨削时射流冲击强化磨削弧区换热的实验研究

在缓进给磨削时烧伤机理分析的基础上,提出了高压射流冲击强化磨削弧区换热的创新构想,并通过缓进给断续磨削时施加侧向射流冲击弧区的磨削实验研究其换热效果。实验结果表明,射流冲击强化换热技术确是提高弧区换热效率的有效方法,且射流速度越高,换热效果越好。该研究将在解决难加工材料磨削烧伤领域具有广阔的应用前景