Passive optical detection of submillimeter and millimeter size space debris in low Earth orbit

Understanding of the space debris environment and accuracy of its observation-validated models are essential for optimal design and safe operation of satellite systems. Existing ground-based optical telescopes and radars are not capable of observing debris smaller than several millimeters in size. A new experimental and instrumental approach – the space-based Local Orbital Debris Environment (LODE) detector – aims at in situ measuring of debris with sizes from 0.2–10 mm near the satellite orbit. The LODE concept relies on a passive optical photon-counting time-tagging imaging system detecting solar photons (in the visible spectral range) reflected by debris crossing the sensor field of view. In contrast, prior feasibility studies of space-based optical sensors considered frame detectors in the focal plane. The article describes the new experimental concept, discusses top-level system parameters and design tradeoffs, outlines an approach to identifying and extracting rare debris detection events from the background, and presents an example of performance characteristics of a LODE sensor with a 6-cm diameter aperture. The article concludes with a discussion of possible sensor applications on satellites.     

质谱薄膜联用小型气体泄漏检测仪研制

传统的监测技术在往往采用单一的方法或者采用质谱加色谱联用的技术，设备大都比较笨重，操作复杂，随着现代工业的发展，急需研制体积小，质量轻在便携式仪器，同时具备灵敏度高，分辨能力强，可靠性高等特点的检测仪。利用质谱检测的高分辨能力和敏感膜的高灵敏度，文章提出了质谱和加薄膜联用进行气体泄漏监测的全新思路，并主要论述了检测仪的研制和性能实验研究等内容，最后结合其在航天领域的应用，对甲基膨，无水肼等气体进行     

X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detector development for future space instrumentation

An overview of the material developments currently being pursued by the European Space Agency (ESA) with respect to X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detection media is given. The benefits underlying the selection of specific materials are discussed. In the X-ray regime the basic microphysics behind degraded spectral performance caused by the polarization effect and Te inclusions, have been investigated. We have found that both effects degrade the spectra by producing a localised distortion of the electric field. The underlying cause for the distortion does however differ. For the γ-ray regime, a low-noise equivalent scintillator to LaBr₃ has been developed in the form of CeBr₃. Three inch crystals with a FWHM energy resolution of 4.4% at 662 keV have successfully been produced. For neutron detection, a boron compound based solid state neutron detector has been developed that is sensitive to neutrons, alpha particles and 60 keV X-rays. The measured detection efficiency in detection for thermal neutrons was found to be in the order of a few per cent.     

基于单片机的车载酒精探测及安全控制系统的设计与实现

本文详细介绍了一种利用酒精传感器、A／D转换器、单片机、电子锁实现的车载酒精探测系统的硬件和软件实现方法。该系统以单片机为核心，配以检测电路、控制电路、报警电路，从而实现智能车载安全控制服务。由于具有设备检测的主动判断能力，因此具有较高的实用价值。     

掺Ce^3＋的碱土氟化物的紫外发光特性研究

研究了掺杂稀土离子Ce^3＋的碱土氟化物发光体LiXAlF6：Ce^3＋（X=Ca^2＋,Sr^2＋或Ba^2＋）,XBaAlF6：Ce^3＋（X=Li6＋,Na^＋或K^＋）及LiBaXF6：Ce^3＋（X=Al^3＋,Ga^3＋或In^3＋）的紫外发光特性。实验发现,在LiXAlF6=Ce^3＋中,随着X元素原子序数的增大,Ce^3＋的发光峰就向短波方向移动。首次研究了在XBaAlF6：Ce^3＋与LiBaXF6：Ce^3＋中的X元素的一价与三价离子对Ce^3＋发光的影响,发现这些一价与三价离子的原子序数的变化并不影响Ce^3＋的发射光谱的峰值,它们只在晶格中起着填隙和电荷补偿作用,这有利于Ce^3＋的发光,使发光强度有所增强。这些紫外发光可用来增强X射线影像板中所包含的储存辐射的发光体BaFBr：Eu“的发光,使X射线影像板的显像增强。     

TiO2光催化薄膜在空间污染防护 应用中的探索

文章采用溶胶凝胶法在JGS1石英玻璃上制备了TiO₂薄膜,并对其晶体结构与光催化性能之间的关系进行了研究,探讨了紫外光辐照下TiO₂薄膜对大分子链硅油光催化效果。结果表明:经500 ℃热处理后的TiO₂薄膜为锐钛矿结构,具有较高的光催化活性;在253 nm紫外光辐照下,TiO₂薄膜对大分子链硅油表现出较好的光催化降解效果。该研究将为空间环境下飞行器光学表面污染净化材料的开发提供有益参考。     

阵列NaI（T1）探测器γ能谱合成方法探讨

介绍两路或多路NaI（T1）探测器γ能谱数据的合成方法及初步成果，以“特征峰叠加”的方法对^133Cs和^60Co的仪器谱进行单峰和双峰的叠加试验，为天然γ能谱合成提供依据。实验表明，“特征峰叠加”的方法可较好地反映各仪器谱合成前的特性，有很好的应用前景。     

Characteristics of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate multilayered detector bombarded with hypervelocity iron particles

A cosmic dust detector is currently being developed using a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) element. The characteristics of the multilayered detector (MD), which was composed of one hundred PZT disks, were investigated by bombarding it with hypervelocity iron particles supplied by a Van de Graaff accelerator. It was confirmed that there was a linear relationship between the signal amplitude observed from MD and the momentum of the particles. As compared with the single-layered detector (SD) that was composed of one PZT disk, it was found that the sensitivity of MD was ∼3 times higher than that of SD within the limits of the experimental conditions.     

Plant mineral nutrition,gas exchange and photosynthesis in space: A review

Successful growth and development of higher plants in space rely on adequate availability and uptake of water and nutrients, and efficient energy distribution through photosynthesis and gas exchange. In the present review, literature has been reviewed to assemble the relevant knowledge within space plant research for future planetary missions. Focus has been on fractional gravity, space radiation, magnetic fields and ultimately a combined effect of these factors on gas exchange, photosynthesis and transport of water and solutes.     

HVDC直流场强仪相敏检波器分析与设计

地面合成电场是高压直流（HVDC）输电线路电磁环境的一个重要指标,测量该电场时需要同时测量其大小和极性。一般测量电场极性的方法是使用相敏检波器。传统的相敏检波器存在因相位不同步而导致检波误差较大的问题,影响了测量结果的准确性。本文从直流场强仪的原理出发,针对传统方式的弊端,设计了相敏检波器电路,基于该电路的工作原理分析了相位不同步所引起的检波误差,并采用全通滤波器补偿相位差。实验证明,该电路能够灵活、准确地补偿相位误差,从而解决传统设计方法中相位不同步的问题,实现了全波检波,进而分辨电场极性,满足了地面合成电场测量的需求。