Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

应用Transition k-kl-ω转捩模型对内冷叶片气热耦合的数值模拟

选取NASA-Mark Ⅱ跨声速叶片为算例,研究了Transition k-kl-ω转捩模型在内冷叶片气热耦合计算中的应用,探讨了整场耦合与冷却通道内采用对流换热系数准则耦合的差异。结果表明,该转捩模型相比其它全湍流模型能够更准确预测附面层内的层流和转捩状况;由于Transition k-kl-ω转捩模型转捩前期采用层流动能来描述扰动的发展,避免了使用含有来流湍流度的经验公式,引入了"分裂机制"来描述层流与湍流脉动间的相互作用,并且在旁路转捩和自然转捩源项模化中加入了Tollmien-Schlichting波的影响,对强激波后的温度计算相比常用的间歇因子转捩模型与实验值更吻合;换热系数准则耦合用于冷却通道传热计算,避免了冷却通道边界条件带来的误差,计算结果与实验吻合较好,更易于工程应用。     

半波GLM方法封闭的湍流方程对转捩过程的数值模拟

ＴＲＡＮＳＩＴＩＯＮＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＵＳＩＮＧＧＬＭ－ＥＭＢＡＳＥＤＣＬＯＳＥＤＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＴＵＲＢＵＬＥＮＣＥＧａｏＧｅ（４ｔｈＤｅｐｔ．ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓａｎｄＡｓｔｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓ，Ｂｅ...     

三向碳/碳材料转捩压力的测量

为评估三向碳/碳材料的烧蚀性能，在北京空气动力研究所研制的FD—04F电弧加热器上对三向碳／碳材料进行了滑行试验，测出了三向碳／碳材料的转接压力。试验结果表明：滑行试验在测量转接压力方面是有效的，并给出了三向碳／碳模型的转授压力数据和最终外形形状。     

The coronal context of transition region explosive events

Transition region explosive events are observed throughout the quiet Sun and represent an interesting local heating phenomenon. The coronal counterparts of these events, if they exist, were not observed in a sounding rocket campaign dedicated to this objective. The coronal instrument complement on the SOHO spacecraft provides an opportunity to extend this search for the coronal counterparts of the transition region explosive events, as well as to explore the correspondence of explosive events with large scale coronal structures, such as with coronal dark lanes.     

复杂组合曲面零件加工编程的刀位计算方法

介绍了复杂组合曲面零件加工表面刀端点过渡曲面的定义及离散化技术，以及在此基础上建立的行切、环切、层切和等深加工算法及其实现，为这类零件加工编程提供了高效、便捷的手段。     

基于IDDES方法和γ-Re_θ转捩模型的粗糙颗粒诱导高速边界层强制转捩模拟

采用γ-Re_θ转捩模型与IDDES (Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation)相结合的方法对BAM6QT (Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel)中的马赫6来流条件下粗糙颗粒诱导转捩情况进行了数值模拟研究,通过与试验测量的压力脉动均方根值、脉动主频和边界层内的皮托压分布的定量对比及与文献中DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation)流场结构的定性对比,表明该方法可以捕捉粗糙单元诱导出的流向涡,能够模拟颗粒前缘分离激波和弓形激波之间的震荡现象,能够模拟流向涡向下游的发展失稳过程及其脉动发展过程。计算结果表明流向涡结构在粗糙颗粒下游40倍颗粒直径位置开始破碎,非定常扰动能也在该点附近增长达到最大值。粗糙单元诱导出了明显的条带涡结构,其中低速条带处于边界层上层,在向下游发展的过程中逐渐扩散至边界层外缘并耗散掉。高速条带位于边界层底部,在向下游发展的同时往展向两侧拓展,最终展向上多条高速条带接触并互相耦合,导致最后条带涡结构的破碎和尾迹区边界层的转捩。     

适用于深空探测器的时间线转移路标启发式规划方法

针对深空探测器各子系统状态并行及约束耦合的特点,设计了最大转移代价计算方法,并在此基础上提出了时间线路标提取方法。然后,针对路标集合重复计算耗时长的问题,提出了路标增量式搜索算法实现路标集合动态快速更新,并进一步结合最大目标节点筛选策略提出了时间线转移路标启发式规划方法。仿真结果表明,时间线转移路标启发式规划方法能够有效减少冗余规划步数,提高规划求解效率。     

含能材料低温松弛WLF方程的两种求值法

通过玻璃化转变温度和表观活化能以及由ＶＦＴ方程导得ＷＬＦ方程粘弹系数的两种新计算方法。用该方法分别计算１０个体系的粘弹系数,结果表明,用ＤＳＣ技术可以获得ＷＬＦ方程,３种计算方法获得的粘弹系数符合较好。     

用阻抗均匀过渡法研制高分辨力换能器

分辨力是超声探伤用换能器的关键指标,本文从理论和实验两方面探讨了如何利用机械阻抗均匀过渡法提高换能器分辨力的有关问题。