太阳宁静区磁漏斗结构的扩展特征

通过对观测的光球纵向磁场进行势场外推, 重构了一个太阳宁静区光球以上的磁场结构. 结果显示, 在20 Mm 以下, 开放磁力线呈现多个明显的小磁漏斗结构, 这些小磁漏斗结构随高度扩展, 并且在20 Mm 左右融合成大的漏斗结构. 通过系统地研究磁漏斗结构横截面积随高度的变化趋势, 发现太阳宁静区磁漏斗结构的截面积随高度近似线性扩展, 磁漏斗结构在较低高度上(<20Mm) 扩展的速度比在较高高度上 (>20Mm) 扩展的速度要快. 这一结果对太阳风起源和磁环中物质流动的二维数值模拟具有重要的意义. 同时还发现, 闭合磁力线的数目随高度以指数函数的形式减少.     

Assessment and improvement of k-ω-γ model for separation-induced transition prediction

The purpose of this work is to improve the k-ω-γ transition model for separationinduced transition prediction. The fundamental cause of the excessively small separation bubble predicted by k-ω-γ model is scrutinized from the perspective of model construction. On the basis,three rectifications are conducted to improve the k-ω-γ model for separation-induced transition.Firstly, a damping function is established via comparing the molecular diffusion timescale with the rapid pressure-strain timescale...     

Energy input for explosive events in the transition zone

It is suggested that the energy input for explosive events in the transition zone comes from precipitating ions, typically of energies of a few×10² keV/nucleon, accelerated in the high corona. The energetics of the process are discussed, together with implications for coronal heating.     

RANS analysis of the low-Reynolds number flow around the SD7003 airfoil

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the incompressible flow at Reynolds number 6.0×¹⁰⁴ around the Selig–Donovan 7003 airfoil. The airfoil performances have been computed by the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations and large eddy simulations. The airfoil stall and preliminary post-stall have been obtained by both the methods. Some limitations of the RANS turbulence models for low-Reynolds number flows have been overcome by the κ–ω SST-LR model, a recent modification of the well-known SST model. Large-eddy simulations have also been performed for a more detailed analysis of the results. The relevance in the stall mechanism of the laminar separation bubble arising on the airfoil is highlighted. The stall occurs when the laminar bubble present in the leading edge zone and a separated region forming on the central part of the airfoil join together. The κ–ω SST-LR model returns the same stall mechanism as the large eddy simulation. Flows at low-Reynolds numbers can be simulated by the RANS methods, but the choice of the turbulence model is crucial. The κ–ω SST-LR model has provided results in good agreement with the large eddy simulation and the available experimental data.     

Secondary instability of separated shear layers

The process through which a laminar flow undergoes transition to turbulence is of great fundamental and practical interest. Such a process is hugely complex as there are many diverse routes for a laminar flow to become turbulent flow. The transition process is usually initiated by flow instabilities—a primary instability stage followed by a secondary instability stage. This forms a rational framework for the early stage of a transition process and it is crucially important to understand the physics of instabilities leading to turbulence. This article reviews the results of studies on secondary instability of separated shear layers in separation bubbles and summaries the current status of our understanding in this area.     

Atomic Physics for Atmospheric Composition Measurements

The atomic physics relevant to the interpretation of solar spectra produced by plasmas at temperatures ≳ 105 K are discussed. Methods for determining relative abundance ratios are presented and examples provided from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer on board SOHO. In particular, the Fe/Si ratio in the corona is found to be close to photospheric; the Mg/Ne ratio in the transition region is found to vary by an order of magnitude in different solar features. The Mg/Ne ratios in supergranule cell centres and the network are separated for the first time, although no significant differences are found. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

MEMS惯性器件低应力封装过渡层研究

封装应力是影响MEMS惯性器件输出性能的主要因素之一，封装应力是由于封装过程中封装对象间材料热特性不匹配所引起的。封装应力除了受封装对象本身的材料性能影响外，还与芯片及基底间的过渡层形式有关。不同的过渡层形式不仅会影响封装应力的峰值，还会对应力的分布情况产生影响。为了研究不同形式的过渡层对三层结构MEMS惯性器件芯片封装应力的影响，首先利用COMSOL有限元仿真分析软件简要地分析了不同材料参数对封装应力的影响，并进一步研究了常见封装形式以及不同封装结构的应力分布规律。结果表明，不同的粘接材料、封装形式和封装结构都会引起封装应力的变化。     

过渡金属/稀土金属氧化物纳米粒子催化AP热分解研究

1引言纳米材料由于特殊的表面特性而作为催化剂被广泛地研究。按一定的比例将不同的催化剂进行掺杂混合,有可能获得优于单一催化剂的催化性能。如Cu-Zn纳米催化剂就可替代昂贵的铂或钯催化剂实现对某些有机化合物氢化反应的催化[1]。随着纳米技术的发展,纳米过渡金属氧化物[2](     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

适应弯扭隔肋的涡轮叶片转接段建模方法

针对涡轮冷却叶片弯扭冷却通道转接段的特点,提出了关联的转接段建模方法,通过曲线网格法生成工具片体裁剪叶身内型实体得到转接段,并以此为基础完成转接段建模,满足转接段与弯扭隔肋G1光滑转接的要求。详细分析了该方法的原理;提取了关键参数;利用UG(Unigraphics NX)二次开发平台开发了转接段的参数化建模模块,实现了适应弯扭隔肋的转接段建模。