流量调节器管路系统自激振荡特性研究（液体火箭推进专刊）

流量调节器管路系统在小流量大压降工况下会出现低频自激振荡现象,为了深入认识自激振荡产生机理,结合某型自稳流型流量调节器及管路系统,基于流量调节器弹簧振子动力学模型开展数值仿真研究。数值仿真得出自激振荡频率为94 Hz,与发动机试验结果一致。自激振荡产生机理是流量调节器的液动力受滑阀窗口型面变化率影响对系统形成正反馈作用,流量调节器综合刚度小于零时系统失稳。分析了流量调节器结构参数对系统稳定性的影响作用,三角形滑阀节流口流通面积能够抑制管路系统自激振荡。结合某型流量调节器负载特性试验系统进行验证,得出随着流量调节器压降升高,管路系统稳定性变差,获得的幅频特性,稳定边界与试验结果一致。     

转静盘腔流动瞬态响应特性研究

以航空发动机转静盘腔内非稳态流动为研究对象,基于用户自定义函数编程设置进口压力按斜坡函数变化时的非稳态边界条件,利用数值模拟方法,在滞后效应、流场演化和物性参数方面,研究了不同无量纲跃升幅值下转静盘腔流动瞬态响应机理。结果表明:无量纲跃升幅值由1.05增至1.2,盘腔内部的当地响应时间延长了81.1%,相对总温的超调量增加了157.0%,其峰值时间增加了31.3%,且进口压力波动的传播方向总是由进口指向出口;瞬态过程中,转静盘腔的容积效应和旋转效应共同作用使出口流量明显滞后进口流量,且其滞留质量流量与相对总温的超调现象密切相关;冲击射流、旋转贴壁射流和静子壁面侧的涡系构成了盘腔流场演化的主体,无量纲跃升幅值越大,流场演化过程越剧烈,响应时间越长;声速和热扩散率与盘腔响应速度密切相关。     

运算放大器SET效应的试验研究

模拟器件的单粒子瞬态脉冲效应的研究, 成为近来国际上单粒子效应研究的热点. 针对中国生产的运算放大器SF3503, 利用脉冲激光单粒子效应测试装置, 试验研究了SF3503工作于反相放大器与电压比较器模式SET效应的特征与规律. 获取了器件的敏感节点分布、LET阈值和SET脉冲波形的特征参数, 其中器件的敏感节点均分布在输入级与放大级, LET阈值不大于1.2 MeV•cm2•mg-1, 电压比较器产生的最大SET脉冲的幅度达27 V、脉冲宽度为51μs. 试验表明SF3503对SET效应极其敏感, 在不采取任何措施的情况下, 在空间任务中直接使用, 会严重影响系统的可靠性.      

凹槽对涡轮叶片前缘换热特性影响的实验研究

为了探究带有凹槽造型的涡轮叶片前缘结构的换热特性,采用瞬态热色液晶技术研究了凹槽对涡轮叶片前缘外表面换热系数的影响,获得了不同主流雷诺数以及湍流度下涡轮叶片原始前缘结构及带两种不同深度凹槽的前缘结构外表面的换热系数分布数据,并采用努塞尔数评估对比了三种结构下的换热特性。实验结果表明：原始前缘结构存在高换热系数区,随着湍流度的增大,高换热核心区显著增大;由于凹槽对滞止区域的流动产生了影响,带凹槽的前缘结构在不同工况下均表现出将原始结构高换热核心区分割为凹槽两侧突出边缘的高换热区和槽内低换热区的分布特征;凹槽可以显著降低前缘表面的换热强度,带浅凹槽的前缘结构在前缘表面的面平均努塞尔数相比原始前缘结构降低约7.9%~14.5%,带深凹槽的前缘结构相比原始前缘结构降低约9.1%~20.9%;与Reg=200,000相比,当Reg=150,000时,带凹槽的前缘结构相比原始结构的低换热优势更强。     

数控系统瞬时故障容错技术研究

本文研究的瞬时故障容错技术是以故障掩盖和故障恢复的思想为基础的新的提高可靠性的技术方法,建立了数控系统容错模型和层次结构,并结合弹(箭)上计算机,对故障进行实时在线检测和处理,以达到减小或消除瞬时故障对控制系统的影响的目的。     

Measurements of heat transfer and pressure in a trailing edge cavity of a turbine blade

 An experimental investigation is conducted to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop data for an integral trailing edge cavity test section that simulates a novel turbine blade's internal cooling passage with bleed holes. Local heat transfer is measured on both the suction and pressure sides by a transient liquid crystal technique, while pressures at six positions are recorded by pressure calibrators. Moreover, flow characteristic and its effect on heat transfer are analyzed for conditions with or without bleed flow. The experimental results show that, in the cases with bleed flow, local heat transfer on the pressure side exceeds that on the suction side in the first and second channels. In the cases without bleed flow, in the first and third channels, local heat transfer on the suction side weakens whilst it increases significantly on the pressure side. For the second channel, non-bleed condition leads to a more balanced heat transfer distribution between the upstream and downstream channel. Besides, after the bleed holes are blocked, heat transfer in the first bend region on the suction side declines sharply, while the opposite phenomenon occurs for the second bend region on the pressure side. In both bleed and non-bleed cases, the total pressure of six measurement positions decreases continuously along the channel at the same Reynolds number and it promotes for higher Reynolds number. Among all the measurement points, under the same flow rate condition, the highest speed occurs at Position 5, which also shows the maximum difference between the total and static pressures. When the bleed holes are blocked, the total pressure at each measurement position appears to increase.     

A novel approach for predicting inlet pressure of aircraft hydraulic pumps under transient conditions

Cavitation caused by insufficient suction is a major factor that influences the life of aircraft pumps. Currently, pressurizing the tank can solve the cavitation problem under steady large-flow conditions. However, this method is not always effective under transient conditions (from zero flow to full flow in a very short time). Moreover, to apply and design other measures, such as a boost impeller, the suction dynamics during the transient period must be investigated. In this paper, a novel approach based on the pressure wave propagation theory is proposed for predicting the inlet pressure of an aircraft pump under transient conditions. First, a dynamic model of a typical aircraft pump is established in the form of differential equations. Then, the transient flow model of the inlet line is described using momentum and continuity equations, and the governing equations are discretized by the method of characteristics and the finite difference method. The simulated results are in good agreement with the results from verification tests. Further simulation analysis indicates that the wave velocity and transient time may influence the inlet and reservoir pressure as well as the size of the inlet line. Finally, solutions for upgrading the inlet pressure are discussed. These solutions provide guidelines for designing inlet installations.     

Transient simulation of regression rate on thrust regulation process in hybrid rocket motor

The main goal of this paper is to study the characteristics of regression rate of solid grain during thrust regulation process. For this purpose, an unsteady numerical model of regression rate is established. Gas–solid coupling is considered between the solid grain surface and combustion gas.Dynamic mesh is used to simulate the regression process of the solid fuel surface. Based on this model, numerical simulations on a H2O2/HTPB(hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) hybrid motor have been performed in the flow control process. The simulation results show that under the step change of the oxidizer mass flow rate condition, the regression rate cannot reach a stable value instantly because the flow field requires a short time period to adjust. The regression rate increases with the linear gain of oxidizer mass flow rate, and has a higher slope than the relative inlet function of oxidizer flow rate. A shorter regulation time can cause a higher regression rate during regulation process. The results also show that transient calculation can better simulate the instantaneous regression rate in the operation process.     

航天器姿态预设性能控制方法综述

针对存在不确定惯量矩阵及其它未知不确定性(如执行器故障、航天器结构发生突变等)下的航天器姿态控制问题，综述了预设性能控制及其应用的研究进展。首先阐释了预设性能控制方法的基本内涵及其关键步骤；然后分析总结了现有航天器姿态控制以及预设性能控制研究的基本概况与发展趋势；最后面向未来复杂化、智能化的空间任务对航天器控制系统提出的新需求，提出航天器预设性能控制值得研究的问题和方向。     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室出口温度场分布CARS测量

针对超燃冲压发动机研究中对燃烧室出口温度场的测量需求以及暂冲式超燃冲压发动机燃烧台架试验中的应用难点,开发了适用于瞬态燃烧场温度测量的单脉冲相干反斯托克斯拉曼反射（CARS）系统及CARS光谱计算和温度反演软件CARSCF。采用USED相位匹配方式来降低湍流影响,结合多尺度小波分析方法来实现CARS光谱降噪处理,提高信噪比。在暂冲式脉冲燃烧风洞上开展了来流马赫数2.6条件下超燃冲压发动机燃烧室出口温度测量试验,获取了超声速来流（冷态）建立、H₂点火加热空气、建立超声速燃烧流场直至试验结束过程中的燃烧室出口温度,以及煤油/空气燃烧时燃烧室出口温度场分布。结果显示,超声速冷流时温度处于低温（约205K）状态,随着H₂点火加热来流空气,来流温度上升至853K;随着煤油/Air点火,温度急剧上升,稳定燃烧状态下燃烧流场温度为1970K±144K。燃烧室出口截面温度场分布测量结果显示,高温区位于燃烧室出口截面上侧区域,而燃烧室出口截面上中间区域的温度低于上下两侧。燃烧室出口温度分布CARS测量结果与火焰自发光成像结果一致,表明单脉冲CARS技术用于瞬态燃烧流场温度测量的可行性。