升力式火星探测器进入轨迹优化设计仿真

针对升力式火星探测器在其完成星际转移轨道之后,由预定进入点开始反冲制动改变运行轨道进入火星大气,设计并仿真了进入段的轨迹优化。根据火星的大气密度及引力场参数,建立相应的火星大气模型及引力场模型,确定了升力式火星探测器的运动方程。在满足进入过程的约束条件下,采用遗传算法对进入轨道进行优化设计,提出不同的推力发动机制动方案并进行分析比较。结果表明,采用推力方案二能够实现性能指标最优,并求得着陆速度为136m/s,最终实现了探测器在火星表面的软着陆。     

电动帆航天器谷神星探测任务轨迹优化

针对电动帆航天器谷神星探测任务轨迹优化问题,提出一种基于高斯伪谱法和遗传算法的混合优化算法。为了验证所提出的混合优化算法有效性,并考察任务起始时间和电动帆特征加速度对探测任务的影响,进行了一定数量的数值仿真。仿真结果表明：电动帆航天器自地球至谷神星的飞行时间随着起始时间的变化呈周期性波动,波动周期基本与地球和谷神星的会合周期一致;电动帆航天器的特征加速度越小,完成过渡所需要的飞行时间越长,且一个具有中等特征加速度的电动帆航天器便能在可接受的时间内完成自地球至谷神星的过渡;所提出的混合优化算法是有效的,能够在无任何初值猜测的情况下完成电动帆航天器飞行轨迹的优化。     

月球探测再入返回试验后续飞行方案研究

对于中国月球探测再入返回飞行试验的剩余推进剂,研究并设计了后续飞行方案。首先,基于月球探测再入返回飞行试验任务结束后的轨道和卫星状况,分析了可行的探测目标,确定了以日地月空间和相应平动点作为探测目标的后续飞行方案。其次,针对后续飞行方案中的轨道设计与控制需求,研究了平动点轨道直接转移入轨方法和不同系统的平动点轨道转移方法。相对于目前常见的基于不变流形的平动点转移轨道设计方法,文章方法无需进行大量的流形计算,因而计算步骤简单,计算量大大降低,尤其便于实际飞行任务应用。最后,设计了后续飞行方案的飞行轨道和相应的控制方案,同时分析了控制操作的地面测控条件。研究结果表明,基于月球探测再入返回飞行试验任务的剩余推进剂,完全可以在日地月空间开展多项具有创新性和重要应用价值的飞行试验验证,为我国后续"夸父"和月球探测等深空探测任务积累宝贵的测控技术和经验,同时为后续深空探测的"多目标多任务"设计思路提供有益借鉴。     

Optimal trajectory and downlink power control for multi-type UAV aerial base stations

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) enabled Aerial Base Stations (UABSs) have been studied widely in future communications. However, there are a series of challenges such as interference management, trajectory design and resource allocation in the scenarios of multi-UAV networks. Besides, different performances among UABSs increase complexity and bring many challenges. In this paper, the joint downlink transmission power control and trajectory design problem in multi-type UABSs communication network is investigated. In order to satisfy the signal to interference plus noise power ratio of users, each UABS needs to adjust its position and transmission power. Based on the interactions among multiple communication links, a non-cooperative Mean-Field-Type Game (MFTG) is proposed to model the joint optimization problem. Then, a Nash equilibrium solution is solved by two steps: first, the users in the given area are clustered to get the initial deployment of the UABSs; second, the Mean-Field Q (MFQ)-learning algorithm is proposed to solve the discrete MFTG problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach is verified through the simulations, which simplifies the solution process and effectively reduces the energy consumption of each UABS.     

不正常航班恢复的一种改进的列生成算法

分析了由飞机资源短缺造成的航班不正常情况,将该问题视为带有容量约束的多个商品的整数最小费用流问题,建立了多商品网络流数学模型。采用列生成算法框架求解该大规模整数规划问题。一般的列生成算法是每次迭代过程只加入一个列,造成迭代次数过多,因而降低了算法效率低。文中采用每次迭代过程中加入多个列,并对加入的多个列应该满足的条件进行了分析。最后给出的算例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

一种燃料最省的火星精确着陆动力下降段快速轨迹优化方法

针对火星精确着陆问题,给出一种燃料最省的火星着陆动力下降段快速轨迹优化方法。首先以燃料最省为指标建立了着陆器动力下降段轨迹优化问题模型,然后利用极大值原理对该模型的推力大小、推力方向与协状态变量之间的关系进行分析,得出着陆器推力只能以最大或最小推力工作、推力方向和与速度对应的协状态矢量方向相同的结论。并以此为基础,将原问题的状态微分方程和协状态微分方程转换为有限个推力为常值的分段函数,推导每段内微分方程的解析表达式,给出了动力下降段轨迹优化方法的算法流程;最后通过数学仿真将所提出的方法与凸规划、多项式制导方法进行比较。结果表明该方法不仅避免了多项式方法没有考虑推力约束及燃料消耗的缺陷,而且在计算效率方面较凸规划方法有大幅度提高。     

Mission analysis and systems design of a near-term and far-term pole-sitter mission

This paper provides a detailed mission analysis and systems design of a near-term and far-term pole-sitter mission. The pole-sitter concept was previously introduced as a solution to the poor temporal resolution of polar observations from highly inclined, low Earth orbits and the poor high-latitude coverage from geostationary orbit. It considers a spacecraft that is continuously above either the north or south pole and, as such, can provide real-time, continuous and hemispherical coverage of the polar regions. Being on a non-Keplerian orbit, a continuous thrust is required to maintain the pole-sitter position. For this, two different propulsion strategies are proposed, which result in a near-term pole-sitter mission using solar electric propulsion (SEP) and a far-term pole-sitter mission where the SEP thruster is hybridized with a solar sail. For both propulsion strategies, minimum propellant pole-sitter orbits are designed. In order to maximize the spacecraft mass at the start of the operations phase of the mission, the transfer from Earth to the pole-sitter orbit is designed and optimized assuming either a Soyuz or an Ariane 5 launch. The maximized mass upon injection into the pole-sitter orbit is subsequently used in a detailed mass budget analysis that will allow for a trade-off between mission lifetime and payload mass capacity. Also, candidate payloads for a range of applications are investigated. Finally, transfers between north and south pole-sitter orbits are considered to overcome the limitations in observations due to the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis that causes the poles to be alternately situated in darkness. It will be shown that in some cases these transfers allow for propellant savings, enabling a further extension of the pole-sitter mission.     

Design of transfer trajectories between resonant orbits in the Earth–Moon restricted problem

The application of dynamical systems techniques to mission design has demonstrated that employing invariant manifolds and resonant flybys enables previously unknown trajectory options and potentially reduces the ΔV$\mathrm{\Delta }V$ requirements. In this investigation, planar and three-dimensional resonant orbits are analyzed and cataloged in the Earth–Moon system and the associated invariant manifold structures are computed and visualized with the aid of higher-dimensional Poincaré maps. The relationship between the manifold trajectories associated with multiple resonant orbits is explored through the maps with the objective of constructing resonant transfer arcs. As a result, planar and three-dimensional homoclinic- and heteroclinic-type trajectories between unstable periodic resonant orbits are identified in the Earth–Moon system. To further illustrate the applicability of 2D and 3D resonant orbits in preliminary trajectory design, planar transfers to the vicinity of L₅ and an out-of-plane transfer to a 3D periodic orbit, one that tours the entire Earth–Moon system, are constructed. The design process exploits the invariant manifolds associated with orbits in resonance with the Moon as transfer mechanisms.     

严格随机正则(3,s)-SAT模型及其相变现象

研究变元和文字出现次数受限制的规则3-SAT问题,提出了一种严格随机正则（3,s）-SAT问题,并给出了该问题的实例产生模型--SRR模型。结合一阶矩方法和生成函数展开项系数的渐近近似技术,证明了严格随机正则（3,s）-SAT问题相变点的上界,即当变元规模N较大且变元出现次数s>11时,严格随机正则（3,s）-SAT实例是高概率不可满足的。实验结果表明：由SRR模型所生成的随机实例中,当N>60且s>11时,所有的（3,s）-SAT实例均是不可满足的,而当N>150且s<11时,所有的（3,s）-SAT实例均是可满足的,即严格随机正则（3,s）-SAT实例的相变点位于s=11处,且在s=11处（子句变元比为11/3）的严格随机正则（3,s）-SAT实例,比在相变点（子句变元比）4.267处同规模的均匀随机3-SAT实例更难求解,因此,SRR模型可以很方便地在s=11处构造难解的随机3-SAT实例。     

基于参数化轨迹的TAEM段在线制导方法

针对可重复使用运载器末端能量管理阶段的在线轨迹生成与制导问题,研究了一种基于参数化轨迹描述且不依赖在线积分推演与气动辨识的三维轨迹预测-校正制导算法。首先,设计了由动压上边界、下边界和最大能量边界构成的动压包线,由一个参数对包线内的动压剖面进行描述,采用离线计算的方式预先获得飞行航程随动压剖面参数、倾侧角和能量高度变化的关系并存为三维数表。随后,根据当前状态和地面航迹参数计算得到各飞行阶段地面航程信息,在待飞航程的预测中,考虑侧向机动的航程损失和模型偏差影响,采用分段查表和在线估计航程修正系数的方法对预测航程进行了两次修正。最后,研究了约束条件下的多轨迹参数连续更新策略,以保证消除航程偏差的同时轨迹具有适宜性。仿真结果表明,该方法对于初始位置、能量状态散布不敏感,其末端位置控制精度保持在米级。完成单次轨迹预测-校正的时间不超过2.3 ms,拥有较高的在线预测效率,对突发故障造成的模型偏差具有较强的适应能力。