基于粒子群优化的光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪法研究

光伏阵列在局部阴影条件下,出现反向雪崩效应,导致输出功率出现多个局部极大值点,此时常规的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）失效。基于比较完善的光伏电池遮挡模型,对光伏阵列进行建模,验证其输出功率的多峰特性。提出一种基于粒子群优化算法（PSO）的多峰最大功率点跟踪方法,并积累粒子个体搜索经验,提高跟踪速度。仿真表明,当外界条件变化时,此方法可以快速跟踪光伏模块的最大功率,从而有效地利用能源。     

基于间接伴随法的大气层内高超声速飞行器最优上升轨迹研究

利用修正的无量纲因子,建立了适用于大气层内高速飞行器数值优化的数学模型。创新地采用欧氏空间中超立方体顶点坐标作为协状态初始值的方法解决了伴随方法的初始值估计难题,实现了间接伴随法在最优轨迹优化中的应用。完成并给出了该方法在真空状态和有空气动力存在的情况下轨迹优化结果,并在控制约束存在的前提下,对上升段轨线进行重规划,仿真结果表明,该方法快速、有效,且具有在线制导的应用潜力。     

垂直返回重复使用运载火箭技术分析

结合SpaceX公司近期进行的多次猎鹰火箭一子级垂直着陆返回技术试验,对比分析垂直返回重复使用运载火箭两种返回方式的工程应用价值。首先,建立运载火箭一子级动力返回段弹道设计动力学模型。随后,提出基于H-V飞行剖面分段返回弹道设计方法。然后针对“返回原场”（RTLS）和“不返回原场”(NRTLS)两种垂直返回方式,构建综合考虑上升段与返回段的推进剂耦合作用的一体化弹道优化设计策略。最后,通过数值仿真,对比分析了两种返回方式下的火箭运载能力。结果表明,采用“不返回原场”方式的运载能力损失仅占“返回原场”方式的一半,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

采用弱攻角补偿与脱敏设计的火星进入段制导

为提升火星进入段存在多种扰动时的制导末端精度,在现有三自由度脱敏设计的基础上,提出针对大气密度及升阻力系数波动的弱攻角补偿方法。通过攻角调整,协调升、阻力加速度测量值相对理论计算值的偏离程度,使加权形式的偏离程度指标趋近于1,从而降低气动参数波动对制导精度的影响。相平面分析和反证法证明了攻角调整过程的稳定性。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,该方法可达到较高的纵向末端状态精度。     

Direct trajectory optimization based on a mapped Chebyshev pseudospectral method

 In view of generating optimal trajectories of Bolza problems, standard Chebyshev pseudospectral (PS) method makes the points' accumulation near the extremities and rarefaction of nodes close to the center of interval, which causes an ill-condition of differentiation matrix and an oscillation of the optimal solution. For improvement upon the difficulties, a mapped Chebyshev pseudospectral method is proposed. A conformal map is applied to Chebyshev points to move the points closer to equidistant nodes. Condition number and spectral radius of differentiation matrices from both methods are presented to show the improvement. Furthermore, the modification keeps the Chebyshev pseudospectral method's advantage, the spectral convergence rate. Based on three numerical examples, a comparison of the execution time, convergence and accuracy is presented among the standard Chebyshev pseudospectral method, other collocation methods and the proposed one. In one example, the error of results from mapped Chebyshev pseudospectral method is reduced to 5% of that from standard Chebyshev pseudospectral method.     

Trajectory control strategy of cathodes in blisk electrochemical machining

A turbine blisk, which combines blades and a disk together, is one of the most important components of an aero engine. In the process of blisk electrochemical machining (ECM), the sheet cathode, which is usually used as a tool electrode, has a complicated structure. In addition to that, the channel between the adjacent blades is narrow and twisted, so interference is apt to happen when the sheet cathode feeds into the channel. Therefore, it is important to choose suitable trajectory control strategy. In this paper, a new trajectory control strategy of the sheet cathode is presented and corresponding simulation analysis is conducted on the basis of an actual blisk model. The simulation results demonstrate that the sheet cathode can feed into the channel by a spatial line trajectory without interference. Moreover, the verification experiments are carried out according to the simulation. The experimental results show that the cathode can move into the channel without interference. It is verified that the new trajectory control strategy is correct and can be used in the blisk ECM process successfully.     

带分流叶片离心压气机优化设计

为探索带分流叶片离心压气机的优化方法,进一步提高气动性能,建立带分流叶片离心压气机优化系统:运用Bézier函数建立叶型的参数化表征方法,并采用人工神经网络建立目标函数和几何优化变量间的对应关系,结合遗传算法求解优化命题。为验证系统可行性,以极大化等熵效率为优化目标,针对带分流叶片的离心压气机进行优化设计。结果表明:该优化系统明显提高带分流叶片离心压气机的气动性能,优化后设计点等熵效率提高3.68%,压比提高0.506,设计转速下全工况范围内效率明显提升,综合稳定裕度增大;优化后90%,50%叶高波前马赫数有明显降低,前缘激波有所减弱,激波与附面层相互作用引起的损失减小,二次流得到抑制,叶尖通道内大范围低速区明显消退;叶片载荷重新分配,分流叶片载荷一部分转移至主叶片。     

超临界机组末级叶片典型截面的叶型设计

针对超临界机组末级长叶片的设计特点,采用遗传算法和人工神经网络,提出对长叶片典型截面叶型进行分区优化设计思想,并对原型与改型进行了多工况点的数值计算,结果表明,将叶型吸力侧后半段由直线型改为内凹型,能够显著降低超声速叶型在超声速工况范围内的叶型损失。对叶型前缘以及压力侧的局部优化设计能够改善超声速叶型在临界马赫数工况下的气动性能。优化设计最大程度地减小了样本空间,提高了优化效率。     

跳跃式跨大气层飞行弹道仿真分析

针对跳跃式跨大气层飞行弹道的特殊性,建立了其飞行动力学模型,在此基础上,对其弹道进行了仿真分析,得知乘波构型是跳跃式跨大气层飞行器理想气动布局,研究对比了跳跃弹道和惯性弹道的不同性能,结果表明跳跃飞行具有惯性飞行所无法比拟的突防能力。所得结论对跳跃式跨大气层飞行和未来新型武器装备的发展方向的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

基于离子风电推进系统的平流层飞艇飞行轨迹分析

针对传统螺旋桨受大气密度等环境变化影响,推力和效率显著下降的特点,提出将新型离子风电推进系统应用于平流层飞艇,建立动力学模型和相应推力模型,通过Simulink模块开展轨迹跟踪与定点控制仿真,并对15 km到30 km高度上螺旋桨和离子风作为平流层飞艇主动力的飞行轨迹进行对比分析.结果 表明,40 kW功率下,在20 ...