PLC中顺序控制问题的一种解决方案

本文通过液压系统顺序控制实例，介绍采用字节标志，然后分别映射到输出的编程方法及给编程带来了灵活性。     

Influence of time variable geopotential models on precise orbits of altimetry satellites,global and regional mean sea level trends

During the last decade a significant progress has been reached in the investigation of the gravity field of the Earth. Besides static, also time variable geopotential models have been recently created. In this paper we investigate the impact of the recent time variable geopotential models on altimetry satellite orbits and such altimetry products based on these orbits, as global and regional mean sea level trends. We show that the modeling of time variable gravity improves the orbit solutions, at least for the GRACE period where time variable gravity is sufficiently accurately observed by this mission. Our analysis includes six geopotential models jointly developed by GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and Space Geodesy Research Group (CNES/GRGS) Toulouse: the stationary model EIGEN-GL04S, a stationary version of EIGEN-6S (EIGEN-6S_stat), a corrected version of EIGEN-6S and three enhanced versions of EIGEN-6S called EIGEN-6S2, EIGEN-6S2A and EIGEN-6S2B. By “stationary” we mean “containing periodic parameters such as annual and semi-annual variations, but no secular (drift) terms”. We computed precise orbits for the radar altimetry satellites ERS-1, ERS-2, TOPEX/Poseidon, and Envisat over 20 years between 1991 and 2011. The orbit, single-mission and multi-mission altimetry crossover analyses show that the time variable models EIGEN-6S_corrected, EIGEN-6S2 and its two precursors EIGEN-6S2A/B perform notably better than the stationary models for the GRACE period from 2003 onwards. Thus, using EIGEN-6S2 and EIGEN-6S2A/B we have got 3.6% smaller root mean square fits of satellite laser ranging observations for Envisat, as when using EIGEN-GL04S. However, for the pre-GRACE period 1991–2003, the stationary geopotential models EIGEN-GL04S and EIGEN-6S_stat as well as EIGEN-6S2 having no drift terms for degree 3–50 at this time interval perform superior compared to EIGEN-6S_correct and EIGEN-6S2A/B which contain drifts for this period. We found, that the time variable geopotential models have a low (0.1–0.2 mm/yr) impact on our results for the global mean sea level trend. However, we found strong East/West differences up to 3 mm/yr in the regional mean sea level trends when using orbits of all four satellites based on time variable and stationary geopotential models. We show that these differences are related to the relative drifts of the centers-of-origin between the orbit solutions based on the time variable and stationary geopotential models. From the results of our detailed study, we conclude that the final version of the time variable gravity field model EIGEN-6S2 performs best for the four satellites tested. This model provides the most reliable and mission-consistent sea level estimates for the whole time period from 1992 to 2010. This model is of maximum spherical harmonic degree and order 260 and contains time series for drifts as well as annual and semiannual variations of the spherical harmonic coefficients for degree 2–50.     

星间时间同步系统及零值标定研究

空间卫星的相对距离和钟面时差的准确测量,是实现多星之间时间同步,完成特定任务的重要基础。在介绍空间星间测试验证系统与双向单程距离和时差测量的基础上,提出一种闭环自测的零值标定方法。经理论分析和测试验证表明,所测数据稳定可靠,能够满足实际测量的要求。     

基于伪距差分增强的分布式节点时间同步方法

传统时频同步方法维持分布式节点之间同步的精度较高,但并不适用于空间非接触节点的时频同步问题.本文提出一种基于伪距差分增强的时间同步方法,给出了系统原理和基本组成,运用总体最小二乘法解算分布式节点的先验钟差信息,并利用卡尔曼滤波构建了主从节点间的时间同步算法模型.仿真校验与结果分析显示,相比独立GPS授时同步,本文提出的系统同步算法能够提高空间分布式节点同步精度,在基线距离平均为25km的条件下,可将节点同步精度控制在亚纳秒量级.     

多通路激光火工品等效测量装置设计

激光火工品起爆系统的功能完整性影响着火工品的正常起爆。为了检测起爆系统的完整性,设计了一款以FPGA为核心的多通道激光火工品等效测量装置。该装置利用光电转换电路、放大滤波电路、A/D采样电路以及双SDRAM存储机制对每个通路的起爆激光功率进行连续采样,并通过板载CPCI总线与上位机完成控制指令和数据交换。试验表明,该装置激光功率采样精度和时序采样精度均满足设计要求,系统设计方案可行。     

Black-hole transients: From QPOs to relativistic jets

Due to the impressive amount of new data provided by the RXTE satellite in the past decade, our knowledge of the phenomenology of accretion onto black holes has increased considerably. In particular, it has been possible to schematize the outburst evolution of transient systems on the basis of their spectral and timing properties, and link them to the ejection of relativistic jets as observed in the radio. Here, I present this scheme, concentrating on the properties of the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in the light curves and on the link with jet ejection.     

复合材料加筋板结构的二级协同优化设计方法

针对复合材料加筋板结构的布局和铺层优化问题,发展了一种二级优化设计技术。第一级采用基于近似模型技术的布局优化方法,以筋条形式、个数、截面形状和铺层厚度作为设计变量,以结构质量最轻为目标函数,实现加筋板结构布局形式和截面尺寸的布局优化;第二级借助于等效弯曲刚度法和遗传算法,考虑层合板的制造和工艺约束,以层合板的各铺层角作为设计变量,以层合板弯曲刚度系数与上一级优化所给最优弯曲刚度系数之间的误差最小为目标,实现了复合材料加筋板在固定铺层层数下的铺层顺序优化;在二级优化的基础上,通过协调稳定性约束,实现综合优化。算例表明:采用二级优化设计方法,可以很好地实现复合材料加筋板的布局优化设计。     

信号相干周期的计算与测量

对信号的相干周期与有关测量作了研究，说明该合成信号为准周期函数，具有特殊的周期现象和波形，给出了部分求解结果及其应用。     

基于时空和时相关系的时频处理方法

随着导航定位、空间技术、计量、精密时频测控包括各种量子频标的发展,对特高分辨力的时间测量和处理以及高频率的点频信号测量提出了更高要求。针对这方面的问题可以采用以信号稳定传输现象为基础以及相位变化规律存在于任意频率信号之间等特性达到高精度测量的目的。基于信号传播的稳定性,根据时间和空间之间的关系,通过建立针对性的传输通道把被测量的时间间隔与相应的路径上的延迟时间拟合进行测量。能够把被测量的时间间隔,尤其是短时间间隔量在空间的方向上展开通过对相应长度量的测量和处理算出被测量。作为对短时间间隔的测量结果,它可以成为传统多种技术的替代品,并且成为大量频率、周期和时间间隔测量技术与仪器精度进一步提高的关键手段。这项工作与传统的时—空关系的认识及利用结合更有利于对于时间、传输、空间的联系、单位的相关性等的理解进一步深化。另一方面,在频率信号之间基于最小公倍数周期会周期性地出现信号间相位重合的情况。这样在时间轴上,可以按照时间的延伸周期性地出现代表随着时间而进行的最小公倍数周期间隔的重合标志。在此基础上调整来自同一参考源的两个频率信号的频率关系,就能够调整时间轴上的时间标记。因此,基于上述频率信号特征的时间传输和处理技术可以实现建立在频率信号特性基础上的时间信号的形成、传递和处理等问题。     

基于序列图像的无人机自测速方法与试验

为自主、精确测量无人机的飞行速度,研究并发展了一种基于序列图像的无人机自测速方法并进行了相应的试验。该方法利用无人机上已有的惯导装置、高度计和摄像机,在连续成像的条件下,通过匹配跟踪得到地面同名点在相邻两帧光学或红外实时图中的位置,利用飞行高度、姿态信息和成像帧频计算得到无人机的瞬时飞行速度。在无人机的匀速平飞段,通过大量数据拟合得到高精度的平均飞行速度。通过挂飞试验对方法进行了验证,实时得到了小于0.2 m/s的测速结果,满足工程要求的精度,为工程应用打下了一定的基础。