Ionospheric path delay models for spaceborne GPS receivers flying in formation with large baselines

GPS relative navigation filters could benefit notably from an accurate modeling of the ionospheric delays, especially over large baselines (>100 km) where double difference delays can be higher than several carrier wavelengths. This paper analyzes the capability of ionospheric path delay models proposed for spaceborne GPS receivers in predicting both zero-difference and double difference ionospheric delays. We specifically refer to relatively simple ionospheric models, which are suitable for real-time filtering schemes. Specifically, two ionospheric delay models are evaluated, one assuming an isotropic electron density and the other considering the effect on the electron density of the Sun aspect angle. The prediction capability of these models is investigated by comparing predicted ionospheric delays with measured ones on real flight data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission, in which two satellites fly separated of more than 200 km. Results demonstrate that both models exhibit a correlation in the excess of 80% between predicted and measured double-difference ionospheric delays. Despite its higher simplicity, the isotropic model performs better than the model including the Sun effect, being able to predict double differenced delays with accuracy smaller than the carrier wavelength in most cases. The model is thus fit for supporting integer ambiguity fixing in real-time filters for relative navigation over large baselines. Concerning zero-difference ionospheric delays, results demonstrate that delays predicted by the isotropic model are highly correlated (around 90%) with those estimated using GPS measurements. However, the difference between predicted and measured delays has a root mean square error in the excess of 30 cm. Thus, the zero-difference ionospheric delays model is not likely to be an alternative to methods exploiting carrier-phase observables for cancelling out the ionosphere contribution in single-frequency absolute navigation filters.     

Three-dimensional path planning for unmanned aerial vehicle based on interfered fluid dynamical system

This paper proposes a method for planning the three-dimensional path for low-flying unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) in complex terrain based on interfered fluid dynamical system(IFDS) and the theory of obstacle avoidance by the flowing stream. With no requirement of solutions to fluid equations under complex boundary conditions, the proposed method is suitable for situations with complex terrain and different shapes of obstacles. Firstly, by transforming the mountains, radar and anti-aircraft fire in complex terrain into cylindrical, conical, spherical, parallelepiped obstacles and their combinations, the 3D low-flying path planning problem is turned into solving streamlines for obstacle avoidance by fluid flow. Secondly, on the basis of a unified mathematical expression of typical obstacle shapes including sphere, cylinder, cone and parallelepiped, the modulation matrix for interfered fluid dynamical system is constructed and 3D streamlines around a single obstacle are obtained. Solutions to streamlines with multiple obstacles are then derived using weighted average of the velocity field. Thirdly, extra control force method and virtual obstacle method are proposed to deal with the stagnation point and the case of obstacles’ overlapping respectively. Finally, taking path length and flight height as sub-goals, genetic algorithm(GA) is used to obtain optimal 3D path under the maneuverability constraints of the UAV. Simulation results show that the environmental modeling is simple and the path is smooth and suitable for UAV. Theoretical proof is also presented to show that the proposed method has no effect on the characteristics of fluid avoiding obstacles.     

廊坊市构建文化强市战略的实施路径研究

近年来，廊坊市高度重视文化产业发展，把文化产业确立为影响廊坊未来发展的战略产业，作为构建现代产业体系的重要内容，先后出台了一系列政策措施，廊坊取得了前所未有的成绩。虽然廊坊市文化的发展优势得天独厚且已初具规模，但文化缺乏战略性管理、资金短缺、竞争力不强等问题制约着廊坊市文化的进一步跨越发展，如何构建和完善文化强市战略目标，如何发挥文化对经济的强劲作用，这对廊坊经济稳步、可持续发展具有十分重要的现实意义。     

Learning to Reach to Locations Encoded from Imaging Displays

We examined the use of hand gestures while people solved spatial reasoning problem in which they had to infer motion from static diagrams (mental animation problems). In Experiment 1, participants were asked to think aloud while solving mental animation problems. They gestured on more than 90% of problems, and most gestures expressed information about the component motions that was not stated in words. Two further experiments examined whether the gestures functioned in the mechanical inference process, or whether they merely served functions of expressing or communicating the results of this process. In these experiments, we examined the effects of instructions to think aloud, restricting participants' hand motions, and secondary tasks on mental animation performance. Although participants who were instructed to think aloud gestured more than control groups, some gestures occurred even in control conditions. A concurrent spatial tapping task impaired performance on mechanical reasoning, whereas a simple tapping task and restricting hand motions did not. These results indicate that gestures are a natural way of expressing the results of mental animation processes and suggest that spatial working memory and premotor representations are involved in mental animation. They provide no direct evidence that gestures are functional in the thought process itself, but do not rule out a role for overt gestures in this type of spatial thinking.     

面向叶片型面的五轴联动柔性数控砂带抛光技术

针对叶片型面抛光,在分析五轴联动数控砂带抛光可行性的基础上,设计并开发了五轴联动柔性数控砂带抛光机。提出了接触轮与叶片型面有效贴合的概念,并通过改善抛光工具、采用柔性抛光技术和控制抛光轴矢量来实现砂带与叶片型面的有效贴合。抛光轴矢量由抛光位点处法矢和接触轮进给矢量计算获得,既实现了砂带与叶片型面的有效贴合,而且满足抛光轮接触压力方向与柔性机构收缩方向基本一致的要求。抛光轨迹规划采用等参数线法,抛光行距根据抛光带宽确定。最后进行抛光实验,结果为精抛后粗糙度达到0.25~0.39μm,抛光前后叶型轮廓度变化0.007mm,抛光去除量在0.010~0.016mm之间,满足图纸要求。通过实验表明,五轴联动数控砂带抛光叶片型面可行,采用本文所述技术能够满足叶片型面抛光要求。     

舰载飞机着舰精确轨迹控制研究

针对舰载机着舰过程的精确航迹控制要求,利用现有机上的控制设备,采用系统综合设计的方法,给出了两种航迹控制系统———风参考航迹控制系统和惯性参考航迹控制系统,通过仿真分析,给出了系统的性能差异。     

基于龙凤文化背景下的廊坊市公共设施景观规划研究

城市公共设施是城市环境的重要组成部分，也是城市时代精神和文化状态的标准。廊坊市的公共设施景观规划应“以人为本”，有效地结合廊坊“龙凤文化”的历史文化传承，从中体现出高尚的城市品质、精致生活环境、优雅的生活情趣。     

统筹图中求有关参数的权关联矩阵算法

给出一个求统筹图中有关参数的数值算法，证明了算法的理论依据，并举例说明算法的应用。     

Experimental investigations on hull-fin interferences of the LOTTE airship

In the present paper experimental aerodynamic investigations on an airship configuration at angle of attack with special emphasis on the hull-fin region are reported. In particular, visualizations of flow phenomena on both hull and fins are studied. Quantitative measurements of the integral force and moment characteristics as well as local pressure coefficients serve to establish a data pool for code validation.     

三维接触问题的接触状态有限元解法及应用

在文献［１］的基础上论述了有摩擦、有间隙的三维弹性接触问题接触状态有限元解法，并通过理论考题进行了验证。最后，在应用部分对汽轮机汽缸法兰连接汽密性进行了计算。